{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,31]],"date-time":"2026-07-31T23:28:38Z","timestamp":1785540518220,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,3]],"date-time":"2024-04-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1712102400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Korea Health Technology R&amp;D Project through the Korea","award":["HP23C0146"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HP23C0146"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003710","name":"Ministry of Health and Welfare, Republic of Korea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["HP23C0146"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HP23C0146"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003710","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Although the pathogenesis of solar lentigo (SL) involves chronic ultraviolet (UV) exposure, cellular senescence, and upregulated melanogenesis, underlying molecular-level mechanisms associated with SL remain unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the gene regulatory mechanisms intimately linked to inflammation in SL. Skin samples from patients with SL with or without histological inflammatory features were obtained. RNA-seq data from the samples were analyzed via multiple analysis approaches, including exploration of core inflammatory gene alterations, identifying functional pathways at both transcription and protein levels, comparison of inflammatory module (gene clusters) activation levels, and analyzing correlations between modules. These analyses disclosed specific core genes implicated in oxidative stress, especially the upregulation of nuclear factor kappa B in the inflammatory SLs, while genes associated with protective mechanisms, such as SLC6A9, were highly expressed in the non-inflammatory SLs. For inflammatory modules, Extracellular Immunity and Mitochondrial Innate Immunity were exclusively upregulated in the inflammatory SL. Analysis of protein\u2013protein interactions revealed the significance of CXCR3 upregulation in the pathogenesis of inflammatory SL. In conclusion, the upregulation of stress response-associated genes and inflammatory pathways in response to UV-induced oxidative stress implies their involvement in the pathogenesis of inflammatory SL.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25073973","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,3]],"date-time":"2024-04-03T03:37:21Z","timestamp":1712115441000},"page":"3973","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Multi-System-Level Analysis Reveals Differential Expression of Stress Response-Associated Genes in Inflammatory Solar Lentigo"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Jisu","family":"Jeong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Translational-Transdisciplinary Research Center, Clinical Research Institute, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Seoul 05278, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Department of Biomedical Science and Technology, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02453, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wonmin","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Translational-Transdisciplinary Research Center, Clinical Research Institute, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Seoul 05278, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Seoul 02453, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ye-Ah","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Translational-Transdisciplinary Research Center, Clinical Research Institute, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Seoul 05278, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Department of Biomedical Science and Technology, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02453, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yun-Ji","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Seoul 05278, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sohyun","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Translational-Transdisciplinary Research Center, Clinical Research Institute, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Seoul 05278, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Seoul 02453, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jaeyeon","family":"Shin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Translational-Transdisciplinary Research Center, Clinical Research Institute, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, Kyung Hee 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Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Seoul 02453, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yoonsung","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Translational-Transdisciplinary Research Center, Clinical Research Institute, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Seoul 05278, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1507-9829","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Man S.","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Translational-Transdisciplinary Research Center, Clinical Research Institute, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Seoul 05278, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7295-5725","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Soon-Hyo","family":"Kwon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Seoul 05278, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"829","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1346-8138.2012.01574.x","article-title":"Two patterns of solar lentigines: A histopathological analysis of 40 Japanese women","volume":"39","author":"Yonei","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. 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