{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T12:18:45Z","timestamp":1789474725425,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":132,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,3]],"date-time":"2024-04-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1712102400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Polish Ministry of Education and Science","award":["N42\/DBS\/000167"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["N42\/DBS\/000167"]}]},{"name":"Polish Ministry of Education and Science","award":["N42\/DBS\/000283"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["N42\/DBS\/000283"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Brassica vegetables are widely consumed all over the world, especially in North America, Asia, and Europe. They are a rich source of sulfur compounds, such as glucosinolates (GLSs) and isothiocyanates (ITCs), which provide health benefits but are also suspected of having a goitrogenic effect. Adhering to PRISMA guidelines, we conducted a systematic review to assess the impact of dietary interventions on thyroid function, in terms of the potential risk for people with thyroid dysfunctions. We analyzed the results of 123 articles of in vitro, animal, and human studies, describing the impact of brassica plants and extracts on thyroid mass and histology, blood levels of TSH, T3, T4, iodine uptake, and the effect on thyroid cancer cells. We also presented the mechanisms of the goitrogenic potential of GLSs and ITCs, the limitations of the studies included, as well as further research directions. The vast majority of the results cast doubt on previous assumptions claiming that brassica plants have antithyroid effects in humans. Instead, they indicate that including brassica vegetables in the daily diet, particularly when accompanied by adequate iodine intake, poses no adverse effects on thyroid function.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25073988","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,3]],"date-time":"2024-04-03T08:42:34Z","timestamp":1712133754000},"page":"3988","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":40,"title":["Do Brassica Vegetables Affect Thyroid Function?\u2014A Comprehensive Systematic Review"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"25","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5636-8646","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Agnieszka","family":"Galanty","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacognosy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Krak\u00f3w, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9338-3677","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marta","family":"Grudzi\u0144ska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food Chemistry and Nutrition, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Krak\u00f3w, Poland"},{"name":"Doctoral School of Medical and Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 16 \u0141azarza Str., 31-530 Cracow, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wojciech","family":"Pa\u017adziora","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacognosy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Krak\u00f3w, Poland"},{"name":"Doctoral School of Medical and Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 16 \u0141azarza Str., 31-530 Cracow, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Piotr","family":"S\u0142u\u017ca\u0142y","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacognosy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Krak\u00f3w, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4821-4492","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pawe\u0142","family":"Pa\u015bko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food Chemistry and Nutrition, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Krak\u00f3w, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1002\/mnfr.200800065","article-title":"Glucosinolates in Brassica Vegetables: The Influence of the Food Supply Chain on Intake, Bioavailability and Human Health","volume":"53","author":"Verkerk","year":"2009","journal-title":"Mol. 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