{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T05:53:17Z","timestamp":1790661197018,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,9]],"date-time":"2024-04-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1712620800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001807","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o de Amparo \u00e0 Pesquisa do Estado de S\u00e3o Paulo","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2018\/10089-2"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018\/10089-2"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001807","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003593","name":"National Council for Scientific and Technological Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["302396\/2022-5"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["302396\/2022-5"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003593","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002322","name":"Coordena\u00e7\u00e3o de Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal de N\u00edvel Superior","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PROEX"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PROEX"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002322","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Recent studies have shown that maternal vitamin D deficiency (VDD) causes long-term metabolic changes in offspring. However, little is known about the impact of maternal VDD on offspring endocrine pancreas development and insulin secretion in the adult life of male and female animals. Female rats (Wistar Hannover) were fed either control (1000 IU Vitamin D3\/kg), VDD (0 IU Vitamin D3\/kg), or a Ca2+-enriched VDD diet (0 IU Vitamin D3\/kg + Ca2+ and P\/kg) for 6 weeks and during gestation and lactation. At weaning, VDD status was confirmed based on low serum calcidiol levels in dams and pups. Next, male and female offspring were randomly separated and fed a standard diet for up to 90 days. At this age, serum calcidiol levels were restored to normal levels in all groups, but serum insulin levels were decreased in VDD males without affecting glucagon levels, glycemia, or glucose tolerance. Islets isolated from VDD males showed lower insulin secretion in response to different glucose concentrations, but this effect was not observed in VDD females. Furthermore, VDD males, but not females, showed a smaller total pancreatic islet area and lower \u03b2 cell mass, an effect that was accompanied by reduced gene expression of Ins1, Ins2, Pdx1, and SLC2A2. The decrease in Pdx1 expression was not related to the methylation profile of the promoter region of this gene. Most of these effects were observed in the male VDD+Ca2+ group, indicating that the effects were not due to alterations in Ca2+ metabolism. These data show that maternal VDD selectively impairs the morphology and function of \u03b2 cells in adult male offspring rats and that female offspring are fully protected from these deleterious effects.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25084136","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,9]],"date-time":"2024-04-09T02:52:17Z","timestamp":1712631137000},"page":"4136","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Maternal Vitamin D Deficiency Impairs the Development of \u03b2 Cells in Offspring Rats in a Sex-Dependent Manner"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"25","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0097-2403","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aline Z.","family":"Schavinski","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, Ribeir\u00e3o Preto Medical School, University of S\u00e3o Paulo, Ribeir\u00e3o Preto 14049-900, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Natany G.","family":"Reis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, Ribeir\u00e3o Preto Medical School, University of S\u00e3o Paulo, Ribeir\u00e3o Preto 14049-900, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5062-4493","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Henrique J. N.","family":"Morgan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, Ribeir\u00e3o Preto Medical School, University of S\u00e3o Paulo, Ribeir\u00e3o Preto 14049-900, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5738-9374","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana Paula","family":"Assis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry\/Immunology, Ribeir\u00e3o Preto Medical School, University of S\u00e3o Paulo, Ribeir\u00e3o Preto 14049-900, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-0383-0214","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Matheus L.","family":"Moro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, Ribeir\u00e3o Preto Medical School, University of S\u00e3o Paulo, Ribeir\u00e3o Preto 14049-900, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rafael R.","family":"Valentim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, Ribeir\u00e3o Preto Medical School, University of S\u00e3o Paulo, Ribeir\u00e3o Preto 14049-900, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7422-7449","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana Carolina","family":"Seni-Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Genetics, Ribeir\u00e3o Preto Medical School, University of S\u00e3o Paulo, Ribeir\u00e3o Preto 14049-900, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7253-2143","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ester S.","family":"Ramos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Genetics, Ribeir\u00e3o Preto Medical School, University of S\u00e3o Paulo, Ribeir\u00e3o Preto 14049-900, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Isis C.","family":"Kettelhut","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry\/Immunology, Ribeir\u00e3o Preto Medical School, University of S\u00e3o Paulo, Ribeir\u00e3o Preto 14049-900, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luiz C. C.","family":"Navegantes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, Ribeir\u00e3o Preto Medical School, University of S\u00e3o Paulo, Ribeir\u00e3o Preto 14049-900, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19351","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0707258104","article-title":"DNA methylation, insulin resistance, and blood pressure in offspring determined by maternal periconceptional B vitamin and methionine status","volume":"104","author":"Sinclair","year":"2007","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 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A"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Molecular Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1422-0067\/25\/8\/4136\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T14:25:11Z","timestamp":1760106311000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1422-0067\/25\/8\/4136"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,9]]},"references-count":34,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,4]]}},"alternative-id":["ijms25084136"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms25084136","relation":{},"ISSN":["1422-0067"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1422-0067","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,9]]}}}