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A main marker of neuroinflammation is the microglia-derived monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP1) in animal models of alcohol use disorder in which ethanol is forcefully given. However, there are conflicting findings on whether MCP1 is elevated when ethanol is taken voluntarily, which challenges its key role in promoting motivation for ethanol consumption. Here, we studied MCP1 mRNA levels in areas implicated in consumption motivation\u2014specifically, the prefrontal cortex, hippocampus, and striatum\u2014as well as in the cerebellum, a brain area highly sensitive to ethanol, of C57BL\/6 mice subjected to intermittent and voluntary ethanol consumption for two months. We found a significant increase in MCP1 mRNA levels in the cerebellum of mice that consumed ethanol compared to controls, whereas no significant changes were observed in the prefrontal cortex, hippocampus, or striatum or in microglia isolated from the hippocampus and striatum. To further characterize cerebellar neuroinflammation, we measured the expression changes in other proinflammatory markers and chemokines, revealing a significant increase in the proinflammatory microRNA miR-155. Notably, other classical proinflammatory markers, such as TNF\u03b1, IL6, and IL-1\u03b2, remained unaltered, suggesting mild neuroinflammation. These results suggest that the onset of neuroinflammation in motivation-related areas is not required for high voluntary consumption in C57BL\/6 mice. In addition, cerebellar susceptibility to neuroinflammation may be a trigger to the cerebellar degeneration that occurs after chronic ethanol consumption in humans.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25084173","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,10]],"date-time":"2024-04-10T06:07:46Z","timestamp":1712729266000},"page":"4173","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Two-Month Voluntary Ethanol Consumption Promotes Mild Neuroinflammation in the Cerebellum but Not in the Prefrontal Cortex, Hippocampus, or Striatum of Mice"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"25","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4875-4568","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pablo","family":"Berr\u00edos-C\u00e1rcamo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Cl\u00ednica Alemana-Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago 7610615, Chile"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sarah","family":"N\u00fa\u00f1ez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Facultad de Medicina y Ciencia, Universidad San Sebasti\u00e1n, Sede Los Leones 7510602, Chile"},{"name":"Centro Ciencia & Vida, Santiago 8580702, Chile"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Justine","family":"Casta\u00f1eda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Biolog\u00eda, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 7800003, Chile"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Javiera","family":"Gallardo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Cl\u00ednica Alemana-Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago 7610615, Chile"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9318-343X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mar\u00eda Rosa","family":"Bono","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Biolog\u00eda, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 7800003, Chile"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7696-4215","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fernando","family":"Ezquer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Cl\u00ednica Alemana-Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago 7610615, Chile"},{"name":"Research Center for the Development of Novel Therapeutics Alternatives for Alcohol Use Disorders, Santiago 7610658, Chile"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"WHO (2019). 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