{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,24]],"date-time":"2026-08-24T23:31:37Z","timestamp":1787614297687,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,12]],"date-time":"2024-04-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1712880000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008666","name":"Fundaci\u00f3 la Marat\u00f3 de TV3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["TV3-201736-30-31"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["TV3-201736-30-31"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008666","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"CIBERNED and TERCEL networks","award":["TV3-201736-30-31"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["TV3-201736-30-31"]}]},{"name":"European Union (ERDF\/ESF, \u201cInvesting in your future\u201d)","award":["TV3-201736-30-31"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["TV3-201736-30-31"]}]},{"name":"AGAUR, Secretaria d\u2019Universitats I Recerca del Departament d\u2019Empresa i Coneixement de la Generalitat de Catalunya","award":["TV3-201736-30-31"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["TV3-201736-30-31"]}]},{"name":"European Social Funds","award":["TV3-201736-30-31"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["TV3-201736-30-31"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>One of the challenges of the mature nervous system is to maintain the stability of neural networks while providing a degree of plasticity to generate experience-dependent modifications. This plasticity\u2013stability dynamism is regulated by perineuronal nets (PNNs) and is crucial for the proper functioning of the system. Previously, we found a relation between spinal PNNs reduction and maladaptive plasticity after spinal cord injury (SCI), which was attenuated by maintaining PNNs with activity-dependent therapies. Moreover, transgenic mice lacking the cartilage link protein 1 (Crtl1 KO mice) showed aberrant spinal PNNs and increased spinal plasticity. Therefore, the aim of this study is to evaluate the role of link protein 1 in the activity-dependent modulation of spinal PNNs surrounding motoneurons and its impact on the maladaptive plasticity observed following SCI. We first studied the activity-dependent modulation of spinal PNNs using a voluntary wheel-running protocol. This training protocol increased spinal PNNs in WT mice but did not modify PNN components in Crtl1 KO mice, suggesting that link protein 1 mediates the activity-dependent modulation of PNNs. Secondly, a thoracic SCI was performed, and functional outcomes were evaluated for 35 days. Interestingly, hyperreflexia and hyperalgesia found at the end of the experiment in WT-injured mice were already present at basal levels in Crtl1 KO mice and remained unchanged after the injury. These findings demonstrated that link protein 1 plays a dual role in the correct formation and in activity-dependent modulation of PNNs, turning it into an essential element for the proper function of PNN in spinal circuits.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25084267","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,12]],"date-time":"2024-04-12T03:34:37Z","timestamp":1712892877000},"page":"4267","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Link Protein 1 Is Involved in the Activity-Dependent Modulation of Perineuronal Nets in the Spinal Cord"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"25","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6143-0440","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Judith","family":"S\u00e1nchez-Ventura","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Institute of Neuroscience, Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5631-8558","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Natalia","family":"Lago","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Institute of Neuroscience, Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Clara","family":"Penas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Institute of Neuroscience, Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9849-902X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xavier","family":"Navarro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Institute of Neuroscience, Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1954-8562","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Esther","family":"Udina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Institute of Neuroscience, Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1022754","DOI":"10.3389\/fncel.2022.1022754","article-title":"A glial perspective on the extracellular matrix and perineuronal net remodeling in the central nervous system","volume":"16","author":"Tewari","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. 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