{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]],"date-time":"2026-08-25T11:07:22Z","timestamp":1787656042743,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,16]],"date-time":"2024-04-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1713225600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004281","name":"National Science Center","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UMO-2018\/31\/D\/NZ6\/02839"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UMO-2018\/31\/D\/NZ6\/02839"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004281","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004281","name":"National Science Center","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["LIDER\/34\/0188\/L-10\/18\/NCBR\/2019"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LIDER\/34\/0188\/L-10\/18\/NCBR\/2019"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004281","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005632","name":"National Centre for Research and Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UMO-2018\/31\/D\/NZ6\/02839"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UMO-2018\/31\/D\/NZ6\/02839"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005632","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005632","name":"National Centre for Research and Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["LIDER\/34\/0188\/L-10\/18\/NCBR\/2019"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LIDER\/34\/0188\/L-10\/18\/NCBR\/2019"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005632","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This study presents an evaluation of seventeen newly produced recombinant trivalent chimeric proteins (containing the same immunodominant fragment of SAG1 and SAG2 of Toxoplasma gondii antigens, and an additional immunodominant fragment of one of the parasite antigens, such as AMA1, GRA1, GRA2, GRA5, GRA6, GRA7, GRA9, LDH2, MAG1, MIC1, MIC3, P35, and ROP1) as a potential alternative to the whole-cell tachyzoite lysate (TLA) used in the detection of infection in small ruminants. These recombinant proteins, obtained by genetic engineering and molecular biology methods, were tested for their reactivity with specific anti-Toxoplasma IgG antibodies contained in serum samples of small ruminants (192 samples of sheep serum and 95 samples of goat serum) using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The reactivity of six recombinant trivalent chimeric proteins (SAG1-SAG2-GRA5, SAG1-SAG2-GRA9, SAG1-SAG2-MIC1, SAG1-SAG2-MIC3, SAG1-SAG2-P35, and SAG1-SAG2-ROP1) with IgG antibodies generated during T. gondii invasion was comparable to the sensitivity of TLA-based IgG ELISA (100%). The obtained results show a strong correlation with the results obtained for TLA. This suggests that these protein preparations may be a potential alternative to TLA used in commercial tests and could be used to develop a cheaper test for the detection of parasite infection in small ruminants.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25084384","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,16]],"date-time":"2024-04-16T08:41:06Z","timestamp":1713256866000},"page":"4384","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["The Development of Toxoplasma gondii Recombinant Trivalent Chimeric Proteins as an Alternative to Toxoplasma Lysate Antigen (TLA) in Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) for the Detection of Immunoglobulin G (IgG) in Small Ruminants"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"25","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2176-3966","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bart\u0142omiej Tomasz","family":"Ferra","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Tropical Parasitology, Institute of Maritime and Tropical Medicine in Gdynia, Medical University of Gda\u0144sk, Powstania Styczniowego 9B, 81-519 Gdynia, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3964-671X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maciej","family":"Chyb","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Microbiology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Banacha 12\/16, 90-237 Lodz, Poland"},{"name":"Bio-Med-Chem Doctoral School of the University of Lodz and Lodz Institutes of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Banacha 12\/16, 90-237 Lodz, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0127-4244","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Karolina","family":"So\u0142owi\u0144ska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Microbiology, Faculty of Chemistry, Gda\u0144sk University of Technology, Narutowicza 11\/12, 80-233 Gdansk, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5421-6905","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lucyna","family":"Holec-G\u0105sior","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Microbiology, Faculty of Chemistry, Gda\u0144sk University of Technology, Narutowicza 11\/12, 80-233 Gdansk, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marta","family":"Skwarecka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biotechnology and Molecular Medicine, Kampinoska 25, 80-180 Gdansk, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karolina","family":"Baranowicz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Tropical Parasitology, Institute of Maritime and Tropical Medicine in Gdynia, Medical University of Gda\u0144sk, Powstania Styczniowego 9B, 81-519 Gdynia, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0559-1706","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Justyna","family":"Gatkowska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Microbiology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Banacha 12\/16, 90-237 Lodz, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rvsc.2020.10.019","article-title":"Foodborne Transmission of Toxoplasma gondii Infection in the Last Decade. 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