{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,5]],"date-time":"2026-03-05T16:28:11Z","timestamp":1772728091690,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":116,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,18]],"date-time":"2024-04-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1713398400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF)","award":["NRF-2019R1I1A1A01059738"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NRF-2019R1I1A1A01059738"]}]},{"name":"National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF)","award":["NRF-2021R1A2C2014591"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NRF-2021R1A2C2014591"]}]},{"name":"National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF)","award":["NRF-2022R1I1A1A01064011"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NRF-2022R1I1A1A01064011"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Hemangioblasts give rise to endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs), which also express the cell surface markers CD133 and c-kit. They may differentiate into the outgrowth endothelial cells (OECs) that control neovascularization in the developing embryo. According to numerous studies, reduced levels of EPCs in circulation have been linked to human cardiovascular disorders. Furthermore, preeclampsia and senescence have been linked to levels of EPCs produced from cord blood. Uncertainties surround how preeclampsia affects the way EPCs function. It is reasonable to speculate that preeclampsia may have an impact on the function of fetal EPCs during the in utero period; however, the present literature suggests that maternal vasculopathies, including preeclampsia, damage fetal circulation. Additionally, the differentiation potential and general activity of EPCs may serve as an indicator of the health of the fetal vascular system as they promote neovascularization and repair during pregnancy. Thus, the purpose of this review is to compare\u2014through the assessment of their quantity, differentiation potency, angiogenic activity, and senescence\u2014the angiogenic function of fetal EPCs obtained from cord blood for normal and pregnancy problems (preeclampsia, gestational diabetes mellitus, and fetal growth restriction). This will shed light on the relationship between the angiogenic function of fetal EPCs and pregnancy complications, which could have an effect on the management of long-term health issues like metabolic and cardiovascular disorders in offspring with abnormal vasculature development.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25084444","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,18]],"date-time":"2024-04-18T07:55:54Z","timestamp":1713426954000},"page":"4444","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Human Cord Blood Endothelial Progenitor Cells and Pregnancy Complications (Preeclampsia, Gestational Diabetes Mellitus, and Fetal Growth Restriction)"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"25","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3009-6325","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ja-Young","family":"Kwon","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Women\u2019s Life Medical Science, Yonsei University Health System, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 250 Seongsanno, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1694-8405","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yong-Sun","family":"Maeng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Women\u2019s Life Medical Science, Yonsei University Health System, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 250 Seongsanno, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"964","DOI":"10.1126\/science.275.5302.964","article-title":"Isolation of putative progenitor endothelial cells for angiogenesis","volume":"275","author":"Asahara","year":"1997","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"530","DOI":"10.5966\/sctm.2015-0227","article-title":"Concise Review: Endothelial Progenitor Cells in Regenerative Medicine: Applications and Challenges","volume":"5","author":"Chong","year":"2016","journal-title":"Stem Cells Transl. 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