{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,6]],"date-time":"2026-09-06T22:38:14Z","timestamp":1788734294511,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,18]],"date-time":"2024-04-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1713398400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Sarcoidosis is a systemic inflammatory disorder characterized by granuloma formation in various organs. It has been associated with nephrolithiasis. The vitamin K epoxide reductase complex subunit 1 (VKORC1) gene, which plays a crucial role in vitamin K metabolism, has been implicated in the activation of proteins associated with calcification, including in the forming of nephrolithiasis. This study aimed to investigate the VKORC1 C1173T polymorphism (rs9934438) in a Dutch sarcoidosis cohort, comparing individuals with and without a history of nephrolithiasis. Retrospectively, 424 patients with sarcoidosis were divided into three groups: those with a history of nephrolithiasis (Group I: n = 23), those with hypercalcemia without nephrolithiasis (Group II: n = 38), and those without nephrolithiasis or hypercalcemia (Group III: n = 363). Of the 424 sarcoidosis patients studied, 5.4% had a history of nephrolithiasis (Group I), only two of whom possessed no VKORC1 polymorphisms (OR = 7.73; 95% CI 1.79\u201333.4; p = 0.001). The presence of a VKORC1 C1173T variant allele was found to be a substantial risk factor for the development of nephrolithiasis in sarcoidosis patients. This study provides novel insights into the genetic basis of nephrolithiasis in sarcoidosis patients, identifying VKORC1 C1173T as a potential contributor. Further research is warranted to elucidate the precise mechanisms and explore potential therapeutic interventions based on these genetic findings.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25084448","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,18]],"date-time":"2024-04-18T07:55:54Z","timestamp":1713426954000},"page":"4448","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Is a Vitamin K Epoxide Reductase Complex Subunit 1 (VKORC1) Polymorphism a Risk Factor for Nephrolithiasis in Sarcoidosis?"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"25","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1586-0110","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marjolein","family":"Drent","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"ILD Center of Excellence, Department of Respiratory Medicine, St. Antonius Hospital, 3435 CM Nieuwegein, The Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Health, Medicine, and Life Science, Maastricht University, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands"},{"name":"Research Team, ILD Care Foundation, 6711 NR Ede, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7999-2732","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Petal","family":"Wijnen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ILD Center of Excellence, Department of Respiratory Medicine, St. Antonius Hospital, 3435 CM Nieuwegein, The Netherlands"},{"name":"Research Team, ILD Care Foundation, 6711 NR Ede, The Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Chemistry, Central Diagnostic Laboratory, Maastricht University Medical Centre, 6229 HX Maastricht, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Otto","family":"Bekers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Health, Medicine, and Life Science, Maastricht University, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Chemistry, Central Diagnostic Laboratory, Maastricht University Medical Centre, 6229 HX Maastricht, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5383-2789","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aalt","family":"Bast","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Health, Medicine, and Life Science, Maastricht University, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands"},{"name":"Research Team, ILD Care Foundation, 6711 NR Ede, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1018","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra2101555","article-title":"Challenges of sarcoidosis and its management","volume":"385","author":"Drent","year":"2021","journal-title":"N. 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