{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,24]],"date-time":"2026-04-24T14:49:52Z","timestamp":1777042192666,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,22]],"date-time":"2024-04-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1713744000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"King Saud University","award":["GRC-2024"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GRC-2024"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This study investigated the association between apolipoprotein E (APOE) gene polymorphisms (rs429358 and rs7412) and primary angle-closure glaucoma (PACG) and pseudoexfoliation glaucoma (PXG) in a Saudi cohort. Genotyping of 437 DNA samples (251 controls, 92 PACG, 94 PXG) was conducted using PCR-based Sanger sequencing. The results showed no significant differences in the allele and genotype frequencies of rs429358 and rs7412 between the PACG\/PXG cases and controls. Haplotype analysis revealed \u03b53 as predominant, followed by \u03b54 and \u03b52 alleles, with no significant variance in PACG\/PXG. However, APOE genotype analysis indicated a significant association between \u03b52-carriers and PACG (odds ratio = 4.82, 95% CI 1.52\u201315.26, p = 0.007), whereas no notable association was observed with PXG. Logistic regression confirmed \u03b52-carriers as a significant predictor for PACG (p = 0.008), while age emerged as significant for PXG (p &lt; 0.001). These findings suggest a potential role of \u03b52-carriers in PACG risk within the Saudi cohort. Further validation and larger-scale investigations are essential to elucidate the precise role of APOE in PACG pathogenesis and progression.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25084571","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,22]],"date-time":"2024-04-22T09:53:52Z","timestamp":1713779632000},"page":"4571","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["APOE \u03b52-Carriers Are Associated with an Increased Risk of Primary Angle-Closure Glaucoma in Patients of Saudi Origin"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"25","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5516-6951","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Altaf A.","family":"Kondkar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh 11411, Saudi Arabia"},{"name":"Glaucoma Research Chair in Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh 11411, Saudi Arabia"},{"name":"King Saud University Medical City, King Saud University, Riyadh 11411, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Taif A.","family":"Azad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh 11411, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tahira","family":"Sultan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh 11411, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tanvir","family":"Khatlani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Blood and Cancer Research, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University of Health Sciences, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh 11426, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Abdulaziz A.","family":"Alshehri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Imam Abdulrahman Alfaisal Hospital, Riyadh 14723, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rakesh","family":"Radhakrishnan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Neurosciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55347, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Glenn P.","family":"Lobo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Neurosciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55347, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4343-8056","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ehab","family":"Alsirhy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh 11411, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3504-2828","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Faisal A.","family":"Almobarak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh 11411, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Essam A.","family":"Osman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh 11411, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0573-4017","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Saleh A.","family":"Al-Obeidan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh 11411, Saudi Arabia"},{"name":"Glaucoma Research Chair in Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh 11411, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1354569","DOI":"10.3389\/fncel.2024.1354569","article-title":"Glaucoma: From pathogenic mechanisms to retinal glial cell response to damage","volume":"18","author":"Ramirez","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front. 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