{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T12:55:31Z","timestamp":1782910531453,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":109,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,23]],"date-time":"2024-04-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1713830400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000054","name":"NIH-NCI","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CA207287"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CA207287"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000054","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000054","name":"NIH-NCI","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1395"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1395"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000054","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"WesternU intramural startup fund","award":["CA207287"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CA207287"]}]},{"name":"WesternU intramural startup fund","award":["1395"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1395"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In contrast to cats and dogs, here we report that the \u03b12-adrenergic receptor antagonist yohimbine is emetic and corresponding agonists clonidine and dexmedetomidine behave as antiemetics in the least shrew model of vomiting. Yohimbine (0, 0.5, 0.75, 1, 1.5, 2, and 3 mg\/kg, i.p.) caused vomiting in shrews in a bell-shaped and dose-dependent manner, with a maximum frequency (0.85 \u00b1 0.22) at 1 mg\/kg, which was accompanied by a key central contribution as indicated by increased expression of c-fos, serotonin and substance P release in the shrew brainstem emetic nuclei. Our comparative study in shrews demonstrates that clonidine (0, 0.1, 1, 5, and 10 mg\/kg, i.p.) and dexmedetomidine (0, 0.01, 0.05, and 0.1 mg\/kg, i.p.) not only suppress yohimbine (1 mg\/kg, i.p.)-evoked vomiting in a dose-dependent manner, but also display broad-spectrum antiemetic effects against diverse well-known emetogens, including 2-Methyl-5-HT, GR73632, McN-A-343, quinpirole, FPL64176, SR141716A, thapsigargin, rolipram, and ZD7288. The antiemetic inhibitory ID50 values of dexmedetomidine against the evoked emetogens are much lower than those of clonidine. At its antiemetic doses, clonidine decreased shrews\u2019 locomotor activity parameters (distance moved and rearing), whereas dexmedetomidine did not do so. The results suggest that dexmedetomidine represents a better candidate for antiemetic potential with advantages over clonidine.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25094603","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,23]],"date-time":"2024-04-23T08:08:27Z","timestamp":1713859707000},"page":"4603","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["A Comparative Study of the Antiemetic Effects of \u03b12-Adrenergic Receptor Agonists Clonidine and Dexmedetomidine against Diverse Emetogens in the Least Shrew (Cryptotis parva) Model of Emesis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Yina","family":"Sun","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Western University of Health Sciences, 309 East Second Street, Pomona, CA 91766, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0028-099X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nissar A.","family":"Darmani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Western University of Health Sciences, 309 East Second Street, Pomona, CA 91766, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.1139\/y90-036","article-title":"Neural mechanisms of emesis","volume":"68","author":"Carpenter","year":"1990","journal-title":"Can. 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