{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,6]],"date-time":"2026-06-06T02:58:40Z","timestamp":1780714720611,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,25]],"date-time":"2024-04-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1714003200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"German Research Foundation (DFG)","award":["318374368"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["318374368"]}]},{"name":"German Research Foundation (DFG)","award":["318905415"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["318905415"]}]},{"name":"DFG GRK 2318","award":["318374368"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["318374368"]}]},{"name":"DFG GRK 2318","award":["318905415"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["318905415"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In cholinergic urticaria (CholU), small, itchy wheals are induced by exercise or passive warming and reduced sweating has been reported. Despite the described reduced muscarinic receptor expression, sweat duct obstruction, or sweat allergy, the underlying pathomechanisms are not well understood. To gain further insights, we collected skin biopsies before and after pulse-controlled ergometry and sweat after sauna provocation from CholU patients as well as healthy controls. CholU patients displayed partially severely reduced local sweating, yet total sweat volume was unaltered. However, sweat electrolyte composition was altered, with increased K+ concentration in CholU patients. Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded biopsies were stained to explore sweat leakage and tight junction protein expression. Dermcidin staining was not found outside the sweat glands. In the secretory coils of sweat glands, the distribution of claudin-3 and -10b as well as occludin was altered, but the zonula occludens-1 location was unchanged. In all, dermcidin and tight junction protein staining suggests an intact barrier with reduced sweat production capability in CholU patients. For future studies, an ex vivo skin model for quantification of sweat secretion was established, in which sweat secretion could be pharmacologically stimulated or blocked. This ex vivo model will be used to further investigate sweat gland function in CholU patients and decipher the underlying pathomechanism(s).<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25094658","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,25]],"date-time":"2024-04-25T08:08:32Z","timestamp":1714032512000},"page":"4658","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Altered Sweat Composition Due to Changes in Tight Junction Expression of Sweat Glands in Cholinergic Urticaria Patients"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"25","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-7744-2839","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Denisa","family":"Daci","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Physiology\/Nutritional Medicine, Charit\u00e9\u2014Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin and Humboldt-Universit\u00e4t zu Berlin, 12203 Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9955-385X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sabine","family":"Altrichter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Allergology and Immunology, 12203 Berlin, Germany"},{"name":"Institute of Allergology, Charit\u00e9\u2014Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin and Humboldt-Universit\u00e4t zu Berlin, 12203 Berlin, Germany"},{"name":"Departement of Dermatology and Venerology, Kepler University Hospital, 4020 Linz, Austria"},{"name":"Center for Medical Research, Johannes Kepler University, 4021 Linz, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fran\u00e7ois Marie","family":"Grillet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Allergology and Immunology, 12203 Berlin, Germany"},{"name":"Institute of Allergology, Charit\u00e9\u2014Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin and Humboldt-Universit\u00e4t zu Berlin, 12203 Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Selma","family":"Dib","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Physiology\/Nutritional Medicine, Charit\u00e9\u2014Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin and Humboldt-Universit\u00e4t zu Berlin, 12203 Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ahmad","family":"Mouna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Physiology\/Nutritional Medicine, Charit\u00e9\u2014Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin and Humboldt-Universit\u00e4t zu Berlin, 12203 Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sukashree","family":"Suresh Kumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Physiology\/Nutritional Medicine, Charit\u00e9\u2014Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin and Humboldt-Universit\u00e4t zu Berlin, 12203 Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dorothea","family":"Terhorst-Molawi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Allergology and Immunology, 12203 Berlin, Germany"},{"name":"Institute of Allergology, Charit\u00e9\u2014Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin and Humboldt-Universit\u00e4t zu Berlin, 12203 Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4121-481X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marcus","family":"Maurer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Allergology and Immunology, 12203 Berlin, Germany"},{"name":"Institute of Allergology, Charit\u00e9\u2014Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin and Humboldt-Universit\u00e4t zu Berlin, 12203 Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dorothee","family":"G\u00fcnzel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Physiology\/Nutritional Medicine, Charit\u00e9\u2014Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin and Humboldt-Universit\u00e4t zu Berlin, 12203 Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J\u00f6rg","family":"Scheffel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Allergology and Immunology, 12203 Berlin, Germany"},{"name":"Institute of Allergology, Charit\u00e9\u2014Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin and Humboldt-Universit\u00e4t zu Berlin, 12203 Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"141","article-title":"Chronic inducible urticaria: Classification and prominent features of physical and non-physical types","volume":"29","author":"Pozderac","year":"2020","journal-title":"Acta Dermatovenerol. Alp. Pannonica Adriat."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"734","DOI":"10.1111\/all.15090","article-title":"The international EAACI\/GA(2)LEN\/EuroGuiDerm\/APAAACI guideline for the definition, classification, diagnosis, and management of urticaria","volume":"77","author":"Zuberbier","year":"2022","journal-title":"Allergy"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1599","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2018.12.025","article-title":"Efficacy and Safety of Omalizumab (Xolair) for Cholinergic Urticaria in Patients Unresponsive to a Double Dose of Antihistamines: A Randomized Mixed Double-Blind and Open-Label Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial","volume":"7","author":"Gastaminza","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. Pract."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"324","DOI":"10.1159\/000246281","article-title":"Double-blind crossover study of high-dose cetirizine in cholinergic urticaria","volume":"193","author":"Zuberbier","year":"1996","journal-title":"Dermatology"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e14010","DOI":"10.1111\/dth.14010","article-title":"Omalizumab for cholinergic urticaria: 6 months prospective study and systematic review of the literature","volume":"33","author":"Ghazanfar","year":"2020","journal-title":"Dermatol. Ther."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"894","DOI":"10.4168\/aair.2020.12.5.894","article-title":"Omalizumab Treatment in Patients With Cholinergic Urticaria: A Real-World Retrospective Study in Korea","volume":"12","author":"Kim","year":"2020","journal-title":"Allergy Asthma Immunol. Res."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e193","DOI":"10.1111\/ajd.12496","article-title":"Cholinergic urticaria: More than a simple inducible urticaria","volume":"58","author":"Kim","year":"2017","journal-title":"Australas. J. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1007\/s10286-017-0418-6","article-title":"Cholinergic urticaria: Epidemiology, physiopathology, new categorization, and management","volume":"28","author":"Fukunaga","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin. Auton. Res."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1007\/s40257-022-00728-6","article-title":"Cholinergic Urticaria: Subtype Classification and Clinical Approach","volume":"24","author":"Fukunaga","year":"2023","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1016\/j.alit.2020.05.006","article-title":"Direct and indirect action modes of acetylcholine in cholinergic urticaria","volume":"70","author":"Tokura","year":"2021","journal-title":"Allergol. Int."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"955161","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.955161","article-title":"Impaired sweating in patients with cholinergic urticaria is linked to low expression of acetylcholine receptor CHRM3 and acetylcholine esterase in sweat glands","volume":"13","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1980.sp013205","article-title":"Characteristics of histamine release evoked by acetylcholine in isolated rat mast cells","volume":"301","author":"Blandina","year":"1980","journal-title":"J. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1159\/000057877","article-title":"Cholinergic urticaria, a new pathogenic concept: Hypohidrosis due to interference with the delivery of sweat to the skin surface","volume":"204","author":"Kobayashi","year":"2002","journal-title":"Dermatology"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1279","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jid.2017.11.040","article-title":"Claudin-3 Loss Causes Leakage of Sweat from the Sweat Gland to Contribute to the Pathogenesis of Atopic Dermatitis","volume":"138","author":"Yamaga","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Invest. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1111\/nyas.13371","article-title":"Crystal structures of claudins: Insights into their intermolecular interactions","volume":"1397","author":"Suzuki","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.12703\/r\/10-18","article-title":"Recent advances in understanding tight junctions","volume":"10","author":"Furuse","year":"2021","journal-title":"Fac. Rev."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"722","DOI":"10.1091\/mbc.E20-07-0464","article-title":"Occludin and tricellulin facilitate formation of anastomosing tight-junction strand network to improve barrier function","volume":"32","author":"Saito","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mol. Biol. Cell"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Klar, J., Piontek, J., Milatz, S., Tariq, M., Jameel, M., Breiderhoff, T., Schuster, J., Fatima, A., Asif, M., and Sher, M. (2017). Altered paracellular cation permeability due to a rare CLDN10B variant causes anhidrosis and kidney damage. PLoS Genet., 13.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgen.1006897"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1016\/j.kint.2021.02.023","article-title":"A novel claudin-10 mutation with a unique mechanism in two unrelated families with HELIX syndrome","volume":"100","author":"Alzahrani","year":"2021","journal-title":"Kidney Int."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1301","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gendis.2021.06.006","article-title":"Defective claudin-10 causes a novel variation of HELIX syndrome through compromised tight junction strand assembly","volume":"9","author":"Sewerin","year":"2022","journal-title":"Genes. Dis."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"666","DOI":"10.1111\/1346-8138.16365","article-title":"Anhidrosis accompanied by cholinergic urticaria-like rash and dermal pain in a patient with Sjogren\u2019s syndrome","volume":"49","author":"Yanagida","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104886","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejmg.2023.104886","article-title":"Clinical and molecular features of four families with CLDN10-related HELIX syndrome","volume":"66","author":"Qudair","year":"2023","journal-title":"Eur. J. Med. Genet."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2018.08.015","article-title":"Hypokalemia Associated With a Claudin 10 Mutation: A Case Report","volume":"73","author":"Meyers","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am. J. Kidney Dis."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.1038\/gim.2017.71","article-title":"Multiplex epithelium dysfunction due to CLDN10 mutation: The HELIX syndrome","volume":"20","author":"Brideau","year":"2018","journal-title":"Genet. Med."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Milatz, S. (2019). A Novel Claudinopathy Based on Claudin-10 Mutations. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 20.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20215396"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semcdb.2014.09.002","article-title":"Tight junction, selective permeability, and related diseases","volume":"36","author":"Krug","year":"2014","journal-title":"Semin. Cell Dev. Biol."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"F1288","DOI":"10.1152\/ajprenal.00138.2006","article-title":"Two splice variants of claudin-10 in the kidney create paracellular pores with different ion selectivities","volume":"291","author":"Rogan","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Renal Physiol."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"719","DOI":"10.1007\/s00421-020-04323-7","article-title":"Physiological mechanisms determining eccrine sweat composition","volume":"120","author":"Baker","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur. J. Appl. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semcdb.2014.09.019","article-title":"Paracellular barrier and channel functions of TJ claudins in organizing biological systems: Advances in the field of barriology revealed in knockout mice","volume":"36","author":"Tamura","year":"2014","journal-title":"Semin. Cell Dev. Biol."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Anderson, J.M., and Van Itallie, C.M. (2009). Physiology and function of the tight junction. Cold Spring Harb. Perspect. Biol., 1.","DOI":"10.1101\/cshperspect.a002584"},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"504","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00266.2021","article-title":"Sex differences in the physiological responses to exercise-induced dehydration: Consequences and mechanisms","volume":"131","author":"Wickham","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Appl. Physiol. (1985)"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0031-1301314","article-title":"Responses of obese and non-obese boys cycling in the heat","volume":"33","author":"Sehl","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int. J. Sports Med."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-3083.2011.04017.x","article-title":"Cholinergic urticaria: Pathogenesis-based categorization and its treatment options","volume":"26","author":"Nakamizo","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Eur. Acad. Dermatol. Venereol."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"L1166","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplung.00182.2003","article-title":"Role of claudin interactions in airway tight junctional permeability","volume":"285","author":"Coyne","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Lung Cell Mol. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2008.08.140","article-title":"Oxidative stress induces gastric epithelial permeability through claudin-3","volume":"376","author":"Hashimoto","year":"2008","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2844","DOI":"10.1242\/jcs.065581","article-title":"Occludin is required for cytokine-induced regulation of tight junction barriers","volume":"123","author":"Fanning","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Cell Sci."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"G1054","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpgi.00055.2011","article-title":"Occludin regulates macromolecule flux across the intestinal epithelial tight junction barrier","volume":"300","author":"Khatib","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Gastrointest. Liver Physiol."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E219","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1611684114","article-title":"Mosaic expression of claudins in thick ascending limbs of Henle results in spatial separation of paracellular Na+ and Mg2+ transport","volume":"114","author":"Milatz","year":"2017","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"F207","DOI":"10.1152\/ajprenal.00579.2020","article-title":"Differential localization patterns of claudin 10, 16, and 19 in human, mouse, and rat renal tubular epithelia","volume":"321","author":"Griveau","year":"2021","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Renal Physiol."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.1080\/23328940.2020.1867294","article-title":"The effect of sweat sample storage condition on sweat content","volume":"8","author":"Klous","year":"2021","journal-title":"Temperature"},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"470","DOI":"10.1123\/ijsnem.23.5.470","article-title":"The effect of heat acclimation on sweat microminerals: Artifact of surface contamination","volume":"23","author":"Ely","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int. J. Sport. Nutr. Exerc. Metab."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1038\/46297","article-title":"Activation of the epithelial Na+ channel (ENaC) requires CFTR Cl\u2212 channel function","volume":"402","author":"Reddy","year":"1999","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Klaka, P., Grudl, S., Banowski, B., Giesen, M., Sattler, A., Proksch, P., Welss, T., and Forster, T. (2017). A novel organotypic 3D sweat gland model with physiological functionality. PLoS ONE, 12.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0182752"},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1002\/ajp.1350140307","article-title":"Primate models to study eccrine sweating","volume":"14","author":"Elizondo","year":"1988","journal-title":"Am. J. Primatol."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ban, C., and Kwoen, D.H. (2021). Objective Quantitation of Focal Sweating Areas Using a Mouse Sweat-assay Model. Bio-Protocol, 11.","DOI":"10.21769\/BioProtoc.4047"},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdermsci.2014.04.007","article-title":"Development of a standardized pulse-controlled ergometry test for diagnosing and investigating cholinergic urticaria","volume":"75","author":"Altrichter","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Dermatol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdermsci.2021.05.001","article-title":"Acetylcholine-induced whealing in cholinergic urticaria\u2014What does it tell us?","volume":"103","author":"Altrichter","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Dermatol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01652699","article-title":"Ein neues Verfahren zu der klinischen Untersuchung der Schwei\u00dfabsonderung","volume":"101","author":"Minor","year":"1928","journal-title":"Dtsch. Z. Nervenheilkd."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1524-4725.2009.01364.x","article-title":"Recommendations for performing and evaluating the results of the minor test according to a sweating intensity visual scale","volume":"36","author":"Hexsel","year":"2010","journal-title":"Dermatol. Surg."}],"container-title":["International Journal of Molecular Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1422-0067\/25\/9\/4658\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T14:33:49Z","timestamp":1760106829000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1422-0067\/25\/9\/4658"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,25]]},"references-count":49,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5]]}},"alternative-id":["ijms25094658"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms25094658","relation":{},"ISSN":["1422-0067"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1422-0067","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,25]]}}}