{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,8]],"date-time":"2026-06-08T01:38:15Z","timestamp":1780882695636,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,27]],"date-time":"2024-04-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1714176000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Drug candidates must undergo thermal evaluation as early as possible in the preclinical phase of drug development because undesirable changes in their structure and physicochemical properties may result in decreased pharmacological activity or enhanced toxicity. Hence, the detailed evaluation of nitrogen-rich heterocyclic esters as potential drug candidates, i.e., imidazolidinoannelated triazinylformic acid ethyl esters 1\u20133 (where R1 = 4\u2013CH3 or 4\u2013OCH3 or 4\u2013Cl, and R2 = \u2013COOC2H5) and imidazolidinoannelated triazinylacetic acid methyl esters 4\u20136 (where R1 = 4\u2013CH3 or 4\u2013OCH3 or 4\u2013Cl, and R2 = \u2013CH2COOCH3)\u2014in terms of their melting points, melting enthalpy values, thermal stabilities, pyrolysis, and oxidative decomposition course\u2014has been carried out, using the simultaneous thermal analysis methods (TG\/DTG\/DSC) coupled with spectroscopic techniques (FTIR and QMS). It was found that the melting process (documented as one sharp peak related to the solid\u2013liquid phase transition) of the investigated esters proceeded without their thermal decomposition. It was confirmed that the melting points of the tested compounds increased in relation to R1 and R2 as follows: 2 (R1 = 4\u2013OCH3; R2 = \u2013COOC2H5) &lt; 6 (R1 = 4\u2013Cl; R2 = \u2013CH2COOCH3) &lt; 5 (R1 = 4\u2013OCH3; R2 = \u2013CH2COOCH3) &lt; 3 (R1 = 4\u2013Cl; R2 = \u2013COOC2H5) &lt; 1 (R1 = 4\u2013CH3; R2 = \u2013COOC2H5) &lt; 4 (R1 = 4\u2013CH3; R2 = \u2013CH2COOCH3). All polynitrogenated heterocyclic esters proved to be thermally stable up to 250 \u00b0C in inert and oxidising conditions, although 1\u20133 were characterised by higher thermal stability compared to 4\u20136. The results confirmed that both the pyrolysis and the oxidative decomposition of heterocyclic ethyl formates\/methyl acetates with para-substitutions at the phenyl moiety proceed according to the radical mechanism. In inert conditions, the pyrolysis process of the studied molecules occurred with the homolytic breaking of the C\u2013C, C\u2013N, and C\u2013O bonds. This led to the emission of alcohol (ethanol in the case of 1\u20133 or methanol in the case of 4\u20136), NH3, HCN, HNCO, aldehydes, CO2, CH4, HCl, aromatics, and H2O. In turn, in the presence of air, cleavage of the C\u2013C, C\u2013N, and C\u2013O bonds connected with some oxidation and combustion processes took place. This led to the emission of the corresponding alcohol depending on the analysed class of heterocyclic esters, NH3, HCN, HNCO, aldehydes, N2, NO\/NO2, CO, CO2, HCl, aromatics, and H2O. Additionally, after some biological tests, it was proven that all nitrogen-rich heterocyclic esters\u2014as potential drug candidates\u2014are safe for erythrocytes, and some of them are able to protect red blood cells from oxidative stress-induced damage.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25094768","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,3]],"date-time":"2024-05-03T08:02:22Z","timestamp":1714723342000},"page":"4768","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Studies on the Thermal Decomposition Course of Nitrogen-Rich Heterocyclic Esters as Potential Drug Candidates and Evaluation of Their Thermal Stability and Properties"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Marta","family":"Worzakowska","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Polymer Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Chemistry, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University in Lublin, 33 Gliniana Street, 20-614 Lublin, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1898-5245","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Krzysztof","family":"Sztanke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Bioorganic Compounds Synthesis and Analysis, Medical University of Lublin, 4A Chod\u017aki Street, 20-093 Lublin, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1576-097X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ma\u0142gorzata","family":"Sztanke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Chemistry, Medical University of Lublin, 4A Chod\u017aki Street, 20-093 Lublin, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Sztanke, K., and Medical University of Lublin, assignee (2008). 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