{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T12:05:33Z","timestamp":1789646733242,"version":"4.0.0"},"reference-count":77,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,27]],"date-time":"2024-04-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1714176000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Programa Operativo FEDER Andaluc\u00eda 2014\/2020","award":["1380831"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1380831"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Hydroxytyrosol (HT) is a bioactive olive oil phenol with beneficial effects in a number of pathological situations. We have previously demonstrated that an HT-enriched diet could serve as a beneficial therapeutic approach to attenuate ischemic-stroke-associated damage in mice. Our exploratory pilot study examined this effect in humans. Particularly, a nutritional supplement containing 15 mg of HT\/day was administered to patients 24 h after the onset of stroke, for 45 days. Biochemical and oxidative-stress-related parameters, blood pressure levels, serum proteome, and neurological and functional outcomes were evaluated at 45 and 90 days and compared to a control group. The main findings were that the daily administration of HT after stroke could: (i) favor the decrease in the percentage of glycated hemoglobin and diastolic blood pressure, (ii) control the increase in nitric oxide and exert a plausible protective effect in oxidative stress, (iii) modulate the evolution of the serum proteome and, particularly, the expression of apolipoproteins, and (iv) be beneficial for certain neurological and functional outcomes. Although a larger trial is necessary, this study suggests that HT could be a beneficial nutritional complement in the management of human stroke.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25094799","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,3]],"date-time":"2024-05-03T08:02:22Z","timestamp":1714723342000},"page":"4799","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Hydroxytyrosol, a Promising Supplement in the Management of Human Stroke: An Exploratory Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"25","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1419-2042","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"\u00c1ngela","family":"Naranjo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Biolog\u00eda Experimental, Universidad de Ja\u00e9n, 23071 Ja\u00e9n, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M. Josefa","family":"\u00c1lvarez-Soria","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Servicio de Neurolog\u00eda, Hospital Universitario de Ja\u00e9n, 23009 Ja\u00e9n, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7426-7646","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pilar","family":"Aranda-Villalobos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UGC Medicina F\u00edsica y Rehabilitaci\u00f3n, Hospital Universitario de Ja\u00e9n, 23009 Ja\u00e9n, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7609-5611","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana M.","family":"Mart\u00ednez-Rodr\u00edguez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Estad\u00edstica e Investigaci\u00f3n Operativa, Universidad de Ja\u00e9n, 23071 Ja\u00e9n, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Esther","family":"Mart\u00ednez-Lara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Biolog\u00eda Experimental, Universidad de Ja\u00e9n, 23071 Ja\u00e9n, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4192-7008","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eva","family":"Siles","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Biolog\u00eda Experimental, Universidad de Ja\u00e9n, 23071 Ja\u00e9n, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1177\/17474930211065917","article-title":"World Stroke Organization (WSO): Global Stroke Fact Sheet 2022","volume":"17","author":"Feigin","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Stroke"},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"(2024, March 15). Informe Anual del Sistema Nacional de Salud 2020\u20132021. Available online: https:\/\/www.sanidad.gob.es\/estadEstudios\/estadisticas\/sisInfSanSNS\/tablasEstadisticas\/InfAnualSNS2022\/INFORME_ANUAL_2022.pdf."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.2174\/187152411796011321","article-title":"Central nervous system agents for ischemic stroke: Neuroprotection mechanisms","volume":"11","author":"Pandya","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cent. Nerv. Syst. Agents Med. Chem."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"941","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.110.604199","article-title":"Hemorrhagic transformation of childhood arterial ischemic stroke","volume":"42","author":"Beslow","year":"2011","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(10)60834-3","article-title":"Risk factors for ischaemic and intracerebral haemorrhagic stroke in 22 countries (the INTERSTROKE study): A case-control study","volume":"376","author":"Xavier","year":"2010","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1732","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000011555","article-title":"Diabetes Mellitus, Glycemic Traits, and Cerebrovascular Disease: A Mendelian Randomization Study","volume":"96","author":"Georgakis","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1458","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.111.012799","article-title":"Mediterranean-style diet and risk of ischemic stroke, myocardial infarction, and vascular death: The Northern Manhattan Study","volume":"94","author":"Gardener","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"278","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jnutbio.2015.09.017","article-title":"Dietary extra virgin olive oil attenuates kidney injury in pristane-induced SLE model via activation of HO-1\/Nrf-2 antioxidant pathway and suppression of JAK\/STAT, NF-kappaB and MAPK activation","volume":"27","author":"Cardeno","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Nutr. Biochem."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1002\/med.1028","article-title":"Antioxidant and other biological activities of phenols from olives and olive oil","volume":"22","author":"Visioli","year":"2002","journal-title":"Med. Res. Rev."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1089\/rej.2011.1245","article-title":"A diet rich in olive oil phenolics reduces oxidative stress in the heart of SAMP8 mice by induction of Nrf2-dependent gene expression","volume":"15","author":"Bayram","year":"2012","journal-title":"Rejuvenation Res."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2015.05.041","article-title":"Novel Stroke Therapeutics: Unraveling Stroke Pathophysiology and Its Impact on Clinical Treatments","volume":"87","author":"George","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1038\/s41572-019-0118-8","article-title":"Ischaemic stroke","volume":"5","author":"Campbell","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Dis. Primers"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2008.09.022","article-title":"Neuroprotective effect of hydroxytyrosol and hydroxytyrosol acetate in rat brain slices subjected to hypoxia-reoxygenation","volume":"446","author":"Navas","year":"2008","journal-title":"Neurosci. Lett."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2152","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jnutbio.2013.08.007","article-title":"Role of the inhibition of oxidative stress and inflammatory mediators in the neuroprotective effects of hydroxytyrosol in rat brain slices subjected to hypoxia reoxygenation","volume":"24","author":"Cabrerizo","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Nutr. Biochem."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5957","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jafc.5b00627","article-title":"Differences in the Neuroprotective Effect of Orally Administered Virgin Olive Oil (Olea europaea) Polyphenols Tyrosol and Hydroxytyrosol in Rats","volume":"63","author":"Guerrero","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"549","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jnutbio.2014.12.013","article-title":"Role of the catechol group in the antioxidant and neuroprotective effects of virgin olive oil components in rat brain","volume":"26","author":"Guerrero","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Nutr. Biochem."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4378","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jafc.6b02945","article-title":"Neuroprotective Effect of Hydroxytyrosol in Experimental Diabetes Mellitus","volume":"65","author":"Reyes","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Calahorra, J., Shenk, J., Wielenga, V.H., Verweij, V., Geenen, B., Dederen, P.J., Peinado, M.A., Siles, E., Wiesmann, M., and Kiliaan, A.J. (2019). Hydroxytyrosol, the Major Phenolic Compound of Olive Oil, as an Acute Therapeutic Strategy after Ischemic Stroke. Nutrients, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu11102430"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4030","DOI":"10.7150\/thno.48110","article-title":"Impact of hydroxytyrosol on stroke: Tracking therapy response on neuroinflammation and cerebrovascular parameters using PET-MR imaging and on functional outcomes","volume":"11","author":"Barca","year":"2021","journal-title":"Theranostics"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1145","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.122.320110","article-title":"Stroke Proteomics: From Discovery to Diagnostic and Therapeutic Applications","volume":"130","author":"Hochrainer","year":"2022","journal-title":"Circ. Res."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1057","DOI":"10.1179\/1743132811Y.0000000038","article-title":"Proteomic analysis shows differential protein expression in endothelial progenitor cells between healthy subjects and ischemic stroke patients","volume":"33","author":"Brea","year":"2011","journal-title":"Neurol. Res."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"659","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.115.012166","article-title":"Inflammatory Markers and Outcomes after Lacunar Stroke: Levels of Inflammatory Markers in Treatment of Stroke Study","volume":"47","author":"Boehme","year":"2016","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e291","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000013049","article-title":"Blood Pressure after Endovascular Thrombectomy and Outcomes in Patients with Acute Ischemic Stroke: An Individual Patient Data Meta-analysis","volume":"98","author":"Katsanos","year":"2022","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1136\/neurintsurg-2019-015023","article-title":"Glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and outcome following endovascular thrombectomy for ischemic stroke","volume":"12","author":"Diprose","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Neurointerv. Surg."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1295","DOI":"10.1007\/s40618-016-0506-9","article-title":"Consumption of extra-virgin olive oil rich in phenolic compounds improves metabolic control in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A possible involvement of reduced levels of circulating visfatin","volume":"39","author":"Santangelo","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Endocrinol. Investig."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2165","DOI":"10.1007\/s00394-023-03133-9","article-title":"Positive contribution of hydroxytyrosol-enriched wheat bread to HbA(1)c levels, lipid profile, markers of inflammation and body weight in subjects with overweight\/obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus","volume":"62","author":"Binou","year":"2023","journal-title":"Eur. J. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1803180","article-title":"Effect of Systolic and Diastolic Blood Pressure on Cardiovascular Outcomes","volume":"381","author":"Flint","year":"2019","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e13983","DOI":"10.1111\/eci.13983","article-title":"Association of hydroxytyrosol enriched olive oil with vascular function in chronic coronary disease","volume":"53","author":"Ikonomidis","year":"2023","journal-title":"Eur. J. Clin. Investig."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1386","DOI":"10.1007\/s00380-023-02290-5","article-title":"Olive mill wastewater and hydroxytyrosol inhibits atherogenesis in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice","volume":"38","author":"Hara","year":"2023","journal-title":"Heart Vessel."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"I10","DOI":"10.1002\/clc.4960161305","article-title":"Antioxidants and heart disease: Epidemiology and clinical evidence","volume":"16","author":"Hennekens","year":"1993","journal-title":"Clin. Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1749","DOI":"10.1007\/s12035-018-1141-6","article-title":"Role of Nitric Oxide and Hydrogen Sulfide in Ischemic Stroke and the Emergent Epigenetic Underpinnings","volume":"56","author":"Narne","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mol. Neurobiol."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1007\/s11010-015-2425-z","article-title":"Redox status in acute ischemic stroke: Correlation with clinical outcome","volume":"406","author":"Paspalj","year":"2015","journal-title":"Mol. Cell. Biochem."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3724","DOI":"10.3892\/mmr.2016.5001","article-title":"Temporal profiles of blood pressure, circulating nitric oxide, and adrenomedullin as predictors of clinical outcome in acute ischemic stroke patients","volume":"13","author":"Siles","year":"2016","journal-title":"Mol. Med. Rep."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Calahorra, J., Martinez-Lara, E., De Dios, C., and Siles, E. (2018). Hypoxia modulates the antioxidant effect of hydroxytyrosol in MCF-7 breast cancer cells. PLoS ONE, 13.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0203892"},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1229","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.25916","article-title":"Circulating Lipoprotein Lipids, Apolipoproteins and Ischemic Stroke","volume":"88","author":"Yuan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ann. Neurol."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Banfi, C., Baetta, R., Barbieri, S.S., Brioschi, M., Guarino, A., Ghilardi, S., Sandrini, L., Eligini, S., Polvani, G., and Bergman, O. (2021). Prenylcysteine oxidase 1, an emerging player in atherosclerosis. Commun. Biol., 4.","DOI":"10.1038\/s42003-021-02630-z"},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1274","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.120.316526","article-title":"High-Density Lipoprotein Carries Markers That Track with Recovery from Stroke","volume":"127","author":"Plubell","year":"2020","journal-title":"Circ. Res."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1886","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.102.16.1886","article-title":"VLDL, apolipoproteins B, CIII, and E, and risk of recurrent coronary events in the Cholesterol and Recurrent Events (CARE) trial","volume":"102","author":"Sacks","year":"2000","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106320","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2022.106320","article-title":"Global Metabolomic Profiling Reveals Disrupted Lipid and Amino Acid Metabolism Between the Acute and Chronic Stages of Ischemic Stroke","volume":"31","author":"Sidorov","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Stroke Cerebrovasc. Dis."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-2275(20)32443-3","article-title":"Paradoxical effect on atherosclerosis of hormone-sensitive lipase overexpression in macrophages","volume":"40","author":"Escary","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Lipid Res."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Qu, J., Ko, C.W., Tso, P., and Bhargava, A. (2019). Apolipoprotein A-IV: A Multifunctional Protein Involved in Protection against Atherosclerosis and Diabetes. Cells, 8.","DOI":"10.3390\/cells8040319"},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2231","DOI":"10.1177\/13524585221118676","article-title":"Neurofilament-light and contactin-1 association with long-term brain atrophy in natalizumab-treated relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis","volume":"28","author":"Noteboom","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mult. Scler."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1545","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2021.04.025","article-title":"Epithelial exosomal contactin-1 promotes monocyte-derived dendritic cell-dominant T-cell responses in asthma","volume":"148","author":"Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Allergy Clin. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1853","DOI":"10.14336\/AD.2023.0228","article-title":"CNTN1 Aggravates Neuroinflammation and Triggers Cognitive Deficits in Male Mice by Boosting Crosstalk between Microglia and Astrocytes","volume":"14","author":"Li","year":"2023","journal-title":"Aging Dis."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117229","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cca.2023.117229","article-title":"HDL cholesterol efflux capacity and phospholipid content are associated with the severity of acute ischemic stroke and predict its outcome","volume":"540","author":"Papagiannis","year":"2023","journal-title":"Clin. Chim. Acta"},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1963","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.110.000034","article-title":"Glutathione peroxidase-3 deficiency promotes platelet-dependent thrombosis in vivo","volume":"123","author":"Jin","year":"2011","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"380","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2010.12.016","article-title":"Antithrombin III associated with fibrinogen predicts the risk of cerebral ischemic stroke","volume":"113","author":"Meng","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clin. Neurol. Neurosurg."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e03943","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.03943","article-title":"B4GAT1 is the priming enzyme for the LARGE-dependent functional glycosylation of alpha-dystroglycan","volume":"3","author":"Praissman","year":"2014","journal-title":"eLife"},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1038\/s41514-021-00055-w","article-title":"Association of dementia with immunoglobulin G N-glycans in a Chinese Han Population","volume":"7","author":"Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"NPJ Aging Mech. Dis."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1007\/s10238-010-0103-8","article-title":"Serum prealbumin (transthyretin) predict good outcome in young patients with cerebral infarction","volume":"11","author":"Gao","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Med."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ambrosius, W., Michalak, S., Kazmierski, R., Andrzejewska, N., and Kozubski, W. (2017). Predictive value of serum transthyretin for outcome in acute ischemic stroke. PLoS ONE, 12.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0179806"},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1097","DOI":"10.4103\/1673-5374.211188","article-title":"Serum prealbumin as an effective prognostic indicator for determining clinical status and prognosis in patients with hemorrhagic stroke","volume":"12","author":"Zhang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neural. Regen. Res."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1375","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2017.02.020","article-title":"Transthyretin Concentrations in Acute Stroke Patients Predict Convalescent Rehabilitation","volume":"26","author":"Isono","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Stroke Cerebrovasc. Dis."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"944413","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2022.944413","article-title":"Association between serum transthyretin and intracranial atherosclerosis in patients with acute ischemic stroke","volume":"13","author":"He","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Neurol."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1808","DOI":"10.1002\/cnr2.1808","article-title":"Identification of immune-related genes contributing to head and neck squamous cell carcinoma development using weighted gene co-expression network analysis","volume":"6","author":"Guo","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cancer Rep."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2029","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.107.704031","article-title":"Apolipoprotein A-II is inversely associated with risk of future coronary artery disease","volume":"116","author":"Birjmohun","year":"2007","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1186\/gm169","article-title":"Novel proteins associated with risk for coronary heart disease or stroke among postmenopausal women identified by in-depth plasma proteome profiling","volume":"2","author":"Prentice","year":"2010","journal-title":"Genome Med."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"789","DOI":"10.1161\/01.RES.0000146031.94850.5f","article-title":"Human apolipoprotein A-II enrichment displaces paraoxonase from HDL and impairs its antioxidant properties: A new mechanism linking HDL protein composition and antiatherogenic potential","volume":"95","author":"Ribas","year":"2004","journal-title":"Circ. Res."},{"key":"ref_59","first-page":"44","article-title":"The NIH stroke scale: A window into neurological status","volume":"24","author":"Hage","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nurs. Spectr."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Khan, S.U., Zomaya, A.Y., and Abbas, A. (2017). Handbook of Large-Scale Distributed Computing in Smart Healthcare, Springer International Publishing AG.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-58280-1"},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"476","DOI":"10.4065\/81.4.476","article-title":"Spanish cross-cultural adaptation and validation of the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale","volume":"81","author":"Dominguez","year":"2006","journal-title":"Mayo Clin. Proc."},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1091","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.0000258355.23810.c6","article-title":"Outcomes validity and reliability of the modified Rankin scale: Implications for stroke clinical trials: A literature review and synthesis","volume":"38","author":"Banks","year":"2007","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Montgomery, G., McPhee, J., Paasuke, M., Sipila, S., Maier, A.B., Hogrel, J.Y., and Degens, H. (2020). Determinants of Performance in the Timed Up-and-Go and Six-Minute Walk Tests in Young and Old Healthy Adults. J. Clin. Med., 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm9051561"},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1999","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-022-11524-x","article-title":"Timed up-and-go performance is associated with objectively measured life space in patients 3 months after ischemic stroke: A cross-sectional observational study","volume":"270","author":"Rossler","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Neurol."},{"key":"ref_65","first-page":"682","article-title":"Measurement in neurological rehabilitation","volume":"5","author":"Wade","year":"1992","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Neurol. Neurosurg."},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"256","DOI":"10.1519\/JPT.0000000000000173","article-title":"Investigating the Relationship of the Functional Gait Assessment to Spatiotemporal Parameters of Gait and Quality of Life in Individuals with Stroke","volume":"42","author":"Price","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Geriatr. Phys. Ther."},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cinnera, A.M., Marrano, S., De Bartolo, D., Iosa, M., Bisirri, A., Leone, E., Stefani, A., Koch, G., Ciancarelli, I., and Paolucci, S. (2023). Convergent Validity of the Timed Walking Tests with Functional Ambulatory Category in Subacute Stroke. Brain Sci., 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci13071089"},{"key":"ref_68","first-page":"8","article-title":"Dynamometry for the assessment of grip, pinch, and trunk strength in subjects with chronic stroke: Reliability and various sources of outcome values","volume":"1","author":"Faria","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int. J. Phys. Med. Rehabil."},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"444","DOI":"10.1177\/1747493017711816","article-title":"Agreed definitions and a shared vision for new standards in stroke recovery research: The Stroke Recovery and Rehabilitation Roundtable taskforce","volume":"12","author":"Bernhardt","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. J. Stroke"},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.5535\/arm.2019.43.5.535","article-title":"Effect of Decreased Skeletal Muscle Index and Hand Grip Strength on Functional Recovery in Subacute Ambulatory Stroke Patients","volume":"43","author":"Park","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ann. Rehabil. Med."},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1186\/s43161-022-00090-y","article-title":"Does grip strength of the less-affected side of ischemic stroke survivors influences performance of self-care activities?","volume":"27","author":"Ademoyegun","year":"2022","journal-title":"Bull. Fac. Phys. Ther."},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"695","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.2005.53221.x","article-title":"The Montreal Cognitive Assessment, MoCA: A brief screening tool for mild cognitive impairment","volume":"53","author":"Nasreddine","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Am. Geriatr. Soc."},{"key":"ref_73","first-page":"4","article-title":"Validaci\u00f3n del Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA): Test de cribado para el deterioro cognitivo leve. Datos preliminares. Alzheimer","volume":"43","author":"Gallego","year":"2009","journal-title":"Real. Investig. Demenc."},{"key":"ref_74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1016\/j.niox.2005.05.003","article-title":"Evidence of a decrease in nitric oxide-storage molecules following acute hypoxia and\/or hypobaria, by means of chemiluminescence analysis","volume":"13","author":"Molina","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nitric. Oxide"},{"key":"ref_75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2006.08.032","article-title":"Age and sex-related serum changes in nitric oxide: Correlations with serological markers","volume":"121","author":"Peinado","year":"2007","journal-title":"Int. J. Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.1016\/S0076-6879(78)52032-6","article-title":"Microsomal lipid peroxidation","volume":"52","author":"Buege","year":"1978","journal-title":"Methods Enzymol."},{"key":"ref_77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1038\/nmeth.1322","article-title":"Universal sample preparation method for proteome analysis","volume":"6","author":"Wisniewski","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nat. Methods"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Molecular Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1422-0067\/25\/9\/4799\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T14:34:55Z","timestamp":1760106895000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1422-0067\/25\/9\/4799"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,27]]},"references-count":77,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5]]}},"alternative-id":["ijms25094799"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms25094799","relation":{},"ISSN":["1422-0067"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1422-0067","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,27]]}}}