{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T06:29:24Z","timestamp":1790144964496,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,29]],"date-time":"2024-04-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1714348800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Italian Ministry of Education, University and Research (MIUR)"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Pregnancy at advanced maternal age (AMA) is a condition of potential risk for the development of maternal\u2013fetal complications with possible repercussions even in the long term. Here, we analyzed the changes in plasma redox balance and the effects of plasma on human umbilical cord mesenchymal cells (hUMSCs) in AMA pregnant women (patients) at various timings of pregnancy. One hundred patients and twenty pregnant women younger than 40 years (controls) were recruited and evaluated at various timings during pregnancy until after delivery. Plasma samples were used to measure the thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), glutathione and nitric oxide (NO). In addition, plasma was used to stimulate the hUMSCs, which were tested for cell viability, reactive oxygen species (ROS) and NO release. The obtained results showed that, throughout pregnancy until after delivery in patients, the levels of plasma glutathione and NO were lower than those of controls, while those of TBARS were higher. Moreover, plasma of patients reduced cell viability and NO release, and increased ROS release in hUMSCs. Our results highlighted alterations in the redox balance and the presence of potentially harmful circulating factors in plasma of patients. They could have clinical relevance for the prevention of complications related to AMA pregnancy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25094869","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,1]],"date-time":"2024-05-01T03:30:49Z","timestamp":1714534249000},"page":"4869","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Plasma Redox Balance in Advanced-Maternal-Age Pregnant Women and Effects of Plasma on Umbilical Cord Mesenchymal Stem Cells"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"25","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3012-259X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elena","family":"Grossini","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Physiology, Department of Translational Medicine, Universit\u00e0 del Piemonte Orientale, Via Solaroli 17, 28100 Novara, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4797-6161","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carmen Imma","family":"Aquino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gynecology and Obstetrics, Department of Translational Medicine, Universit\u00e0 del Piemonte Orientale, \u201cMaggiore della Carit\u00e0\u201d Hospital, 28100 Novara, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7517-2574","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sakthipriyan","family":"Venkatesan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Physiology, Department of Translational Medicine, Universit\u00e0 del Piemonte Orientale, Via Solaroli 17, 28100 Novara, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Libera","family":"Tro\u00eca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gynecology and Obstetrics, Department of Translational Medicine, Universit\u00e0 del Piemonte Orientale, \u201cMaggiore della Carit\u00e0\u201d Hospital, 28100 Novara, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eleonora","family":"Tizzoni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gynecology and Obstetrics, Department of Translational Medicine, Universit\u00e0 del Piemonte Orientale, \u201cMaggiore della Carit\u00e0\u201d Hospital, 28100 Novara, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Federica","family":"Fumagalli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gynecology and Obstetrics, Department of Translational Medicine, Universit\u00e0 del Piemonte Orientale, \u201cMaggiore della Carit\u00e0\u201d Hospital, 28100 Novara, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4929-3759","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniela","family":"Ferrante","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Statistics, Department of Translational Medicine, Universit\u00e0 del Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4625-4367","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rosanna","family":"Vaschetto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Department of Translational Medicine, Universit\u00e0 del Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5043-6676","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Valentino","family":"Remorgida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gynecology and Obstetrics, Department of Translational Medicine, Universit\u00e0 del Piemonte Orientale, \u201cMaggiore della Carit\u00e0\u201d Hospital, 28100 Novara, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniela","family":"Surico","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gynecology and Obstetrics, Department of Translational Medicine, Universit\u00e0 del Piemonte Orientale, \u201cMaggiore della Carit\u00e0\u201d Hospital, 28100 Novara, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0000000000002504","article-title":"Risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes at advanced maternal age","volume":"131","author":"Frederiksen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Obstet. Gynecol."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.20344\/amp.11057","article-title":"Advanced Maternal Age: Adverse Outcomes of Pregnancy, A Meta-Analysis","volume":"32","author":"Pinheiro","year":"2019","journal-title":"Acta Med. Port."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"751","DOI":"10.2147\/IJWH.S283216","article-title":"Management of Pregnancy in Women of Advanced Maternal Age: Improving Outcomes for Mother and Baby","volume":"13","author":"Glick","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Womens Health"},{"key":"ref_4","first-page":"1","article-title":"Births: Final data for 2010","volume":"61","author":"Martin","year":"2012","journal-title":"Natl. Vital Stat. Rep."},{"key":"ref_5","unstructured":"Martin, J.A., Hamilton, B.E., Osterman, M.J.K., and Driscoll, A.K. (2021). Births: Final Data for 2019, National Vital Statistics Reports."},{"key":"ref_6","unstructured":"Matthews, T.J., and Hamilton, B.E. (2014). First Births to Older Women Continue to Rise, NCHS Data Brief No. 152."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1136","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2015.03.004","article-title":"Reproduction at an advanced maternal age and maternal health","volume":"103","author":"Sauer","year":"2015","journal-title":"Fertil. Steril."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"763","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0000000000002786","article-title":"Maternal and Fetal Risk Associated With Assisted Reproductive Technology","volume":"132","author":"Kawwass","year":"2018","journal-title":"Obstet. Gynecol."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"983","DOI":"10.1097\/01.AOG.0000158118.75532.51","article-title":"Impact of maternal age on obstetric outcome","volume":"105","author":"Malone","year":"2005","journal-title":"Obstet. Gynecol."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"727","DOI":"10.1097\/01.AOG.0000140682.63746.be","article-title":"Advanced maternal age and adverse perinatal outcome","volume":"104","author":"Jacobsson","year":"2014","journal-title":"Obstet. Gynecol."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Di Fabrizio, C., Giorgione, V., Khalil, A., and Murdoch, C.E. (2022). Antioxidants in Pregnancy: Do We Really Need More Trials?. Antioxidants, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox11050812"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"H387","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.00045.2019","article-title":"Advanced maternal age and the impact on maternal and offspring cardiovascular health","volume":"317","author":"Cooke","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"794","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbadis.2011.12.002","article-title":"Manganese superoxide dismutase, MnSOD and its mimics","volume":"1822","author":"Miriyala","year":"2012","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1038\/s41419-017-0135-z","article-title":"Cellular death, reactive oxygen species (ROS) and diabetic complications","volume":"9","author":"Volpe","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cell Death Dis."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9962860","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/9962860","article-title":"The Role of Oxidative Stress and Antioxidant Balance in Pregnancy","volume":"2021","author":"Hussain","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mediators Inflamm."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Surico, D., Bordino, V., Cantaluppi, V., Mary, D., Gentilli, S., Oldani, A., Farruggio, S., Melluzza, C., Raina, G., and Grossini, E. (2019). Preeclampsia and intrauterine growth restriction: Role of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells-trophoblast cross-talk. PLoS ONE, 14.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0218437"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"747","DOI":"10.1093\/humupd\/dml016","article-title":"Placental-related diseases of pregnancy: Involvement of oxidative stress and implications in human evolution","volume":"12","author":"Jauniaux","year":"2006","journal-title":"Hum. Reprod. Update"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e12653","DOI":"10.1111\/aji.12653","article-title":"Oxidative stress, placental ageing-related pathologies and adverse pregnancy outcomes","volume":"77","author":"Sultana","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am. J. Reprod. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02913077","article-title":"Maternal and fetal indicators of oxidative stress during intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR)","volume":"21","author":"Kamath","year":"2006","journal-title":"Indian J. Clin. Biochem."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liu, L., Zhao, G., Fan, H., Zhao, X., Li, P., Wang, Z., Hu, Y., and Hou, Y. (2014). Mesenchymal stem cells ameliorate Th1-induced pre-eclampsia-like symptoms in mice via the suppression of TNF-\u03b1 expression. PLoS ONE, 9.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0088036"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1089\/scd.2012.0674","article-title":"Effect of mesenchymal stem cells and extracts derived from the placenta on trophoblast invasion and immune responses","volume":"23","author":"Choi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Stem Cells Dev."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1200","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ymthe.2020.02.003","article-title":"HucMSC-Derived Exosomes Mitigate the Age-Related Retardation of Fertility in Female Mice","volume":"28","author":"Yang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mol. Ther."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Grossini, E., Garhwal, D., Venkatesan, S., Ferrante, D., Mele, A., Saraceno, M., Scognamiglio, A., Mandrioli, J., Amedei, A., and De Marchi, F. (2022). The Potential Role of Peripheral Oxidative Stress on the Neurovascular Unit in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Pathogenesis: A Preliminary Report from Human and In Vitro Evaluations. Biomedicines, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines10030691"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"707587","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2021.707587","article-title":"Association Between Plasma Redox State\/Mitochondria Function and a Flu-Like Syndrome\/COVID-19 in the Elderly Admitted to a Long-Term Care Unit","volume":"12","author":"Grossini","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Grossini, E., Smirne, C., Venkatesan, S., Tonello, S., D\u2019Onghia, D., Minisini, R., Cantaluppi, V., Sainaghi, P.P., Comi, C., and Tanzi, A. (2023). Plasma Pattern of Extracellular Vesicles Isolated from Hepatitis C Virus Patients and Their Effects on Human Vascular Endothelial Cells. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 24.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms241210197"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"848","DOI":"10.1093\/humupd\/dmr026","article-title":"Why do people postpone parenthood? Reasons and social policy incentives","volume":"17","author":"Mills","year":"2011","journal-title":"Hum. Reprod. Update"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Machado-G\u00e9d\u00e9on, A., Badeghiesh, A., Baghlaf, H., and Dahan, M.H. (2023). Adverse pregnancy, delivery and neonatal outcomes across different advanced maternal ages: A population-based retrospective cohort study. Eur. J. Obstet. Gynecol. Reprod. Biol. X, 17.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eurox.2023.100180"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lean, S.C., Derricott, H., Jones, R.L., and Heazell, A.E.P. (2017). Advanced maternal age and adverse pregnancy outcomes: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS ONE, 12.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0186287"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Grzeszczak, K., \u0141anocha-Arendarczyk, N., Malinowski, W., Zi\u0119tek, P., and Kosik-Bogacka, D. (2023). Oxidative Stress in Pregnancy. Biomolecules, 13.","DOI":"10.20944\/preprints202310.1578.v1"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1002\/ijgo.14100","article-title":"Maternal and perinatal complications according to maternal age: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"159","author":"Saccone","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Gynaecol. Obstet."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1016\/j.placenta.2016.08.084","article-title":"Placental histological examination and the relationship with oxidative stress in preterm infants","volume":"46","author":"Perrone","year":"2016","journal-title":"Placenta"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chiarello, D.I., Abad, C., Rojas, D., Toledo, F., V\u00e1zquez, C.M., Mate, A., Sobrevia, L., and Mar\u00edn, R. (2020). Oxidative stress: Normal pregnancy versus preeclampsia. Biochim. Biophys. Acta Mol. Basis Dis., 1866.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbadis.2018.12.005"},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2155","DOI":"10.1007\/s10995-022-03475-6","article-title":"Variation of the Oxidative Profile in Pregnant Women With and Without Gestational Complications","volume":"26","author":"Jantsch","year":"2022","journal-title":"Matern Child Health J."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1026511420505","article-title":"Ontogenic profile of some antioxidants and lipid peroxidation in human placental and fetal tissues","volume":"215","author":"Qanungo","year":"2000","journal-title":"Mol. Cell Biochem."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1085511","DOI":"10.3389\/fragi.2023.1085511","article-title":"Effects of a lifestyle intervention on the biomarkers of oxidative stress in non-communicable diseases: A systematic review","volume":"4","author":"Husain","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front. Aging"},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.5455\/medarh.2016.70.437-440","article-title":"Oxidative Stress Marker and Pregnancy Induced Hypertension","volume":"70","author":"Draganovic","year":"2016","journal-title":"Med. Arch."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1016\/j.placenta.2014.03.010","article-title":"Oxidative stress and maternal obesity: Feto-placental unit interaction","volume":"35","author":"Malti","year":"2014","journal-title":"Placenta"},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ab.2016.10.021","article-title":"Assessment of lipid peroxidation by measuring malondialdehyde (MDA) and relatives in biological samples: Analytical and biological challenges","volume":"524","author":"Tsikas","year":"2017","journal-title":"Anal. Biochem."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mad.2013.02.008","article-title":"Markers of oxidant stress that are clinically relevant in aging and age-related disease","volume":"134","author":"Jacob","year":"2013","journal-title":"Mech. Ageing Dev."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1669","DOI":"10.1042\/CS20160897","article-title":"Redox theory of aging: Implications for health and disease","volume":"131","author":"Go","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin. Sci."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1970","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/dew177","article-title":"Advanced maternal age causes adverse programming of mouse blastocysts leading to altered growth and impaired cardiometabolic health in post-natal life","volume":"31","author":"Velazquez","year":"2016","journal-title":"Hum. Reprod."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"808","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.108.120477","article-title":"Oxygen and perinatal origins of adulthood diseases: Is oxidative stress the unifying element?","volume":"52","author":"Davidge","year":"2008","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0031-1275520","article-title":"The early origins of cardiovascular health and disease: Who, when, and how","volume":"29","author":"Morton","year":"2011","journal-title":"Semin. Reprod. Med."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1324","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.115.05167","article-title":"Effect of advanced maternal age on pregnancy outcomes and vascular function in the rat","volume":"65","author":"Care","year":"2015","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra0708473","article-title":"Effect of in utero and early-life conditions on adult health and disease","volume":"359","author":"Gluckman","year":"2008","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"349286","DOI":"10.1155\/2011\/349286","article-title":"Fetoplacental vascular endothelial dysfunction as an early phenomenon in the programming of human adult diseases in subjects born from gestational diabetes mellitus or obesity in pregnancy","volume":"2011","author":"Leiva","year":"2011","journal-title":"Exp. Diabetes Res."},{"key":"ref_47","first-page":"257","article-title":"Nitric oxide production increases during normal pregnancy and decreases in preeclampsia","volume":"32","author":"Choi","year":"2002","journal-title":"Ann. Clin. Lab. Sci."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2290918","DOI":"10.1080\/14767058.2023.2290918","article-title":"Association of endothelial nitric oxide synthase gene variants in pre-eclampsia: An updated systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"36","author":"Tesfa","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Matern. Neonatal Med."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dymara-Konopka, W., and Laskowska, M. (2019). The Role of Nitric Oxide, ADMA, and Homocysteine in The Etiopathogenesis of Preeclampsia-Review. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 20.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20112757"},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Guerby, P., Tasta, O., Swiader, A., Pont, F., Bujold, E., Parant, O., Vayssiere, C., Salvayre, R., and Negre-Salvayre, A. (2021). Role of oxidative stress in the dysfunction of the placental endothelial nitric oxide synthase in preeclampsia. Redox. Biol., 40.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.redox.2021.101861"},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1016\/j.placenta.2009.12.006","article-title":"Mesenchymal stem cells in human placental chorionic villi reside in a vascular Niche","volume":"31","author":"Castrechini","year":"2010","journal-title":"Placenta"},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.1159\/000146886","article-title":"Fetal vasculogenesis and angiogenesis in human placental villi","volume":"136","author":"Demir","year":"1989","journal-title":"Acta Anat."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1793","DOI":"10.1042\/CS20220149","article-title":"Preeclampsia and syncytiotrophoblast membrane extracellular vesicles (STB-EVs)","volume":"136","author":"Awoyemi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin. Sci."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1186\/s13287-023-03471-9","article-title":"Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells ameliorate colon inflammation via modulation of gut microbiota-SCFAs-immune axis","volume":"14","author":"Liu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Stem Cell Res. Ther."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Qin, D., Wang, C., Li, D., and Guo, S. (2024). Exosomal miR-23a-3p derived from human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells promotes remyelination in central nervous system demyelinating diseases by targeting Tbr1\/Wnt pathway. J. Biol. Chem., 300.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbc.2023.105487"},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1803","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1582-4934.2011.01459.x","article-title":"Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells suppress breast cancer tumourigenesis through direct cell-cell contact and internalization","volume":"16","author":"Chao","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Cell Mol. Med."}],"container-title":["International Journal of Molecular Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1422-0067\/25\/9\/4869\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T14:36:35Z","timestamp":1760106995000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1422-0067\/25\/9\/4869"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,29]]},"references-count":56,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5]]}},"alternative-id":["ijms25094869"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms25094869","relation":{},"ISSN":["1422-0067"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1422-0067","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,29]]}}}