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Emerging studies have revealed that EVs are significantly involved in immune processes, including sepsis. Sepsis, a dysregulated immune response to infection, triggers systemic inflammation and multi-organ dysfunction, posing a life-threatening condition. Although extensive research has been conducted on animals, the complex inflammatory mechanisms that cause sepsis-induced organ failure in humans are still not fully understood. Recent studies have focused on secreted exosomes, which are small extracellular vesicles from various body cells, and have shed light on their involvement in the pathophysiology of sepsis. During sepsis, exosomes undergo changes in content, concentration, and function, which significantly affect the metabolism of endothelia, cardiovascular functions, and coagulation. Investigating the role of exosome content in the pathogenesis of sepsis shows promise for understanding the molecular basis of human sepsis. This review explores the contributions of activated immune cells and diverse body cells\u2019 secreted exosomes to vital organ dysfunction in sepsis, providing insights into potential molecular biomarkers for predicting organ failure in septic shock.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25094898","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,1]],"date-time":"2024-05-01T03:30:49Z","timestamp":1714534249000},"page":"4898","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Unveiling the Role of Exosomes in the Pathophysiology of Sepsis: Insights into Organ Dysfunction and Potential Biomarkers"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Gizaw Mamo","family":"Gebeyehu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Medical School, University of P\u00e9cs, 7624 P\u00e9cs, Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shima","family":"Rashidiani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Medical School, University of P\u00e9cs, 7624 P\u00e9cs, Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Benj\u00e1min","family":"Farkas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Medical School, University of P\u00e9cs, 7624 P\u00e9cs, Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andr\u00e1s","family":"Szabadi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dentistry, Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Medical School, University of P\u00e9cs, 7623 P\u00e9cs, Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Barbara","family":"Brandt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hungary Department of Medical Biology and Central Electron Microscope Laboratory, Medical School, University of P\u00e9cs, 7624 P\u00e9cs, Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-1220-8239","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marianna","family":"Pap","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hungary Department of Medical Biology and Central Electron Microscope Laboratory, Medical School, University of P\u00e9cs, 7624 P\u00e9cs, Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tibor A.","family":"Rauch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Medical School, University of P\u00e9cs, 7624 P\u00e9cs, Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.2478\/rjim-2020-0012","article-title":"Sepsis, a 2020 review for the internist","volume":"58","author":"Purcarea","year":"2020","journal-title":"Romanian J. 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