{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,28]],"date-time":"2026-07-28T10:33:06Z","timestamp":1785234786446,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,30]],"date-time":"2024-04-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1714435200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, ISRAEL"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Gonadotoxic agents could impair spermatogenesis and may lead to male infertility. The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of IL-1\u03b2 on the development of spermatogenesis from cells isolated from seminiferous tubules (STs) of normal and busulfan-treated immature mice in vitro. Cells were cultured in a 3D in vitro culture system for 5 weeks. We examined the development of cells from the different stages of spermatogenesis by immunofluorescence staining or qPCR analyses. Factors of Sertoli and Leydig cells were examined by qPCR analysis. We showed that busulfan (BU) treatment significantly reduced the expression of testicular IL-1\u03b2 in the treated mice compared to the control group (CT). Cultures of cells from normal and busulfan-treated immature mice induced the development of pre-meiotic (Vasa), meiotic (Boule), and post-meiotic (acrosin) cells. However, the percentage of developed Boule and acrosin cells was significantly lower in cultures of busulfan-treated mice compared to normal mice. Adding IL-1\u03b2 to both cultures significantly increased the percentages of Vasa, Boule, and acrosin cells compared to their controls. However, the percentage of Boule and acrosin cells was significantly lower from cultures of busulfan-treated mice that were treated with IL-1\u03b2 compared to cultures treated with IL-1\u03b2 from normal mice. Furthermore, addition of IL-1\u03b2 to cultures from normal mice significantly increased only the expression of androgen receptor and transferrin but no other factors of Sertoli cells compared to their CT. However, the addition of IL-1\u03b2 to cultures from busulfan-treated mice significantly increased only the expression of androgen-binding protein and the FSH receptor compared to their CT. Adding IL-1\u03b2 to cultures of normal mice did not affect the expression of 3\u03b2HSD compared to the CT, but it significantly reduced its expression in cultures from busulfan-treated mice compared to the CT. Our findings demonstrate the development of different stages of spermatogenesis in vitro from busulfan-treated mice and that IL-1\u03b2 could potentiate this development in vitro.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25094926","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,1]],"date-time":"2024-05-01T03:30:49Z","timestamp":1714534249000},"page":"4926","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Effect of IL-1\u03b2 on the Development of Spermatogenesis In Vitro in Normal and Busulfan-Treated Immature Mice"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"25","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3855-1495","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nagham","family":"Ali","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva 8410501, Israel"},{"name":"The Center of Advanced Research and Education in Reproduction (CARER), Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva 8410501, Israel"},{"name":"Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva 8410501, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eitan","family":"Lunenfeld","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Adelson School of Medicine, Ariel University, Ariel 4070000, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4246-9299","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mahmoud","family":"Huleihel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva 8410501, Israel"},{"name":"The Center of Advanced Research and Education in Reproduction (CARER), Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva 8410501, Israel"},{"name":"Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva 8410501, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Lash, B.W., and Gilman, P.B. 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