{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T16:45:33Z","timestamp":1790700333042,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":77,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,3]],"date-time":"2024-05-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1714694400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Multiple myeloma (MM), the second most common hematologic malignancy, remains incurable, and its incidence is rising. Chimeric Antigen Receptor T-cell (CAR-T cell) therapy has emerged as a novel treatment, with the potential to improve the survival and quality of life of patients with relapsed\/refractory multiple myeloma (rrMM). In this systematic review and meta-analysis, conducted in accordance with PRISMA guidelines, we aim to provide a concise overview of the latest developments in CAR-T therapy, assess their potential implications for clinical practice, and evaluate their efficacy and safety outcomes based on the most up-to-date evidence. A literature search conducted from 1 January 2019 to 12 July 2023 on Medline\/PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science identified 2273 articles, of which 29 fulfilled the specified criteria for inclusion. Our results offer robust evidence supporting CAR-T cell therapy\u2019s efficacy in rrMM patients, with an encouraging 83.21% overall response rate (ORR). A generally safe profile was observed, with grade \u2265 3 cytokine release syndrome (CRS) at 7.12% and grade \u2265 3 neurotoxicity at 1.37%. A subgroup analysis revealed a significantly increased ORR in patients with fewer antimyeloma regimens, while grade \u2265 3 CRS was more common in those with a higher proportion of high-risk cytogenetics and prior exposure to BCMA therapy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25094996","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,3]],"date-time":"2024-05-03T05:52:02Z","timestamp":1714715522000},"page":"4996","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["An Assessment of the Effectiveness and Safety of Chimeric Antigen Receptor T-Cell Therapy in Multiple Myeloma Patients with Relapsed or Refractory Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Rita","family":"Pereira","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rui","family":"Bergantim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"i3S\u2014Instituto de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o e Inova\u00e7\u00e3o em Sa\u00fade, University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Cancer Drug Resistance Group, IPATIMUP\u2014Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Clinical Hematology Department, Hospital Center of S\u00e3o Jo\u00e3o, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Clinical Hematology Department, FMUP\u2014Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"680","DOI":"10.1016\/S0025-6196(12)61349-4","article-title":"Multiple myeloma: How did it begin?","volume":"69","author":"Kyle","year":"1994","journal-title":"Mayo Clin. 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