{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T20:50:24Z","timestamp":1790801424037,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":105,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,7]],"date-time":"2024-05-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1715040000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Ministry of Research, Innovation and Digitization, CNCS-UEFISCDI","award":["PN-III-P1-1.1-TE-2021-0960"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PN-III-P1-1.1-TE-2021-0960"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a devastating neurodegenerative disease characterized by progressive loss of motor neurons. Emerging evidence suggests a potential link between metabolic dysregulation and ALS pathogenesis. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between metabolic hormones and disease progression in ALS patients. A cross-sectional study was conducted involving 44 ALS patients recruited from a tertiary care center. Serum levels of insulin, total amylin, C-peptide, active ghrelin, GIP (gastric inhibitory peptide), GLP-1 active (glucagon-like peptide-1), glucagon, PYY (peptide YY), PP (pancreatic polypeptide), leptin, interleukin-6, MCP-1 (monocyte chemoattractant protein-1), and TNF\u03b1 (tumor necrosis factor alpha) were measured, and correlations with ALSFRS-R, evolution scores, and biomarkers were analyzed using Spearman correlation coefficients. Subgroup analyses based on ALS subtypes, progression pattern of disease, and disease progression rate patterns were performed. Significant correlations were observed between metabolic hormones and ALS evolution scores. Insulin and amylin exhibited strong correlations with disease progression and clinical functional outcomes, with insulin showing particularly robust associations. Other hormones such as C-peptide, leptin, and GLP-1 also showed correlations with ALS progression and functional status. Subgroup analyses revealed differences in hormone levels based on sex and disease evolution patterns, with male patients showing higher amylin and glucagon levels. ALS patients with slower disease progression exhibited elevated levels of amylin and insulin. Our findings suggest a potential role for metabolic hormones in modulating ALS progression and functional outcomes. Further research is needed to elucidate the underlying mechanisms and explore the therapeutic implications of targeting metabolic pathways in ALS management.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25105059","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,7]],"date-time":"2024-05-07T06:53:27Z","timestamp":1715064807000},"page":"5059","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Exploring the Role of Metabolic Hormones in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Anca","family":"Mo\u021b\u0103\u021b\u0103ianu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology of T\u00e2rgu Mure\u0219 \u2018George Emil Palade\u2019, 540142 T\u00e2rgu Mure\u0219, Romania"},{"name":"1st Neurology Clinic, Mures County Clinical Emergency Hospital, 540136 T\u00e2rgu Mure\u0219, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6797-8757","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ion Bogdan","family":"M\u0103nescu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology of T\u00e2rgu Mure\u0219 \u2018George Emil Palade\u2019, 540142 T\u00e2rgu Mure\u0219, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8078-2177","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Georgiana","family":"\u0218erban","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Doctoral School, University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology of T\u00e2rgu Mure\u0219 \u2018George Emil Palade\u2019, 540142 T\u00e2rgu Mure\u0219, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"B\u0103rcu\u021bean","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology of T\u00e2rgu Mure\u0219 \u2018George Emil Palade\u2019, 540142 T\u00e2rgu Mure\u0219, Romania"},{"name":"1st Neurology Clinic, Mures County Clinical Emergency Hospital, 540136 T\u00e2rgu Mure\u0219, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Valentin","family":"Ion","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Analytical Chemistry and Drug Analysis, University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology of T\u00e2rgu Mure\u0219 \u2018George Emil Palade\u2019, 540142 T\u00e2rgu Mure\u0219, Romania"},{"name":"Drug Testing Laboratory, University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology of T\u00e2rgu Mure\u0219 \u2018George Emil Palade\u2019, 540142 T\u00e2rgu Mure\u0219, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rodica","family":"B\u0103la\u0219a","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology of T\u00e2rgu Mure\u0219 \u2018George Emil Palade\u2019, 540142 T\u00e2rgu Mure\u0219, Romania"},{"name":"1st Neurology Clinic, Mures County Clinical Emergency Hospital, 540136 T\u00e2rgu Mure\u0219, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8055-1739","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sebastian","family":"Andone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology of T\u00e2rgu Mure\u0219 \u2018George Emil Palade\u2019, 540142 T\u00e2rgu Mure\u0219, Romania"},{"name":"1st Neurology Clinic, Mures County Clinical Emergency Hospital, 540136 T\u00e2rgu Mure\u0219, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1603471","article-title":"Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis","volume":"377","author":"Brown","year":"2017","journal-title":"N. 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