{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T16:10:35Z","timestamp":1791994235374,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":201,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,8]],"date-time":"2024-05-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1715126400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>While primarily produced in the pineal gland, melatonin\u2019s influence goes beyond its well-known role in regulating sleep, nighttime metabolism, and circadian rhythms, in the field of chronobiology. A plethora of new data demonstrates melatonin to be a very powerful molecule, being a potent ROS\/RNS scavenger with anti-inflammatory, immunoregulatory, and oncostatic properties. Melatonin and its metabolites exert multiple beneficial effects in cutaneous and systemic aging. This review is focused on the neuroprotective role of melatonin during aging. Melatonin has an anti-aging capacity, retarding the rate of healthy brain aging and the development of age-related neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer\u2019s disease, Parkinson\u2019s disease, Huntington\u2019s disease, multiple sclerosis, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, etc. Melatonin, as well as its metabolites, N1-acetyl-N2-formyl-5-methoxykynuramine (AFMK) and N1-acetyl-5-methoxykynuramine (AMK), can reduce oxidative brain damage by shielding mitochondria from dysfunction during the aging process. Melatonin could also be implicated in the treatment of neurodegenerative conditions, by modifying their characteristic low-grade neuroinflammation. It can either prevent the initiation of inflammatory responses or attenuate the ongoing inflammation. Drawing on the current knowledge, this review discusses the potential benefits of melatonin supplementation in preventing and managing cognitive impairment and neurodegenerative diseases.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25105122","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,8]],"date-time":"2024-05-08T12:27:11Z","timestamp":1715171231000},"page":"5122","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":72,"title":["The Vital Role of Melatonin and Its Metabolites in the Neuroprotection and Retardation of Brain Aging"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"25","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3532-7009","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Georgeta","family":"Bocheva","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical University of Sofia, 1431 Sofia, Bulgaria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1049-8813","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dimitar","family":"Bakalov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Medical University of Sofia, 1431 Sofia, Bulgaria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Petar","family":"Iliev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Medical University of Sofia, 1431 Sofia, Bulgaria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Radka","family":"Tafradjiiska-Hadjiolova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Medical University of Sofia, 1431 Sofia, Bulgaria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2019.00249","article-title":"Melatonin Synthesis and Function: Evolutionary History in Animals and Plants","volume":"10","author":"Zhao","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. 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