{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T03:57:08Z","timestamp":1792036628418,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":93,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,9]],"date-time":"2024-05-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1715212800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Ministry of Education, Science, and Technological Development of the Republic of Serbia","award":["451-03-65\/2024-03\/200113"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["451-03-65\/2024-03\/200113"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Microglia are key players in the brain\u2019s innate immune response, contributing to homeostatic and reparative functions but also to inflammatory and underlying mechanisms of neurodegeneration. Targeting microglia and modulating their function may have therapeutic potential for mitigating neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration. The anti-inflammatory properties of essential oils suggest that some of their components may be useful in regulating microglial function and microglial-associated neuroinflammation. This study, starting from the ethnopharmacological premises of the therapeutic benefits of aromatic plants, assessed the evidence for the essential oil modulation of microglia, investigating their potential pharmacological mechanisms. Current knowledge of the phytoconstituents, safety of essential oil components, and anti-inflammatory and potential neuroprotective effects were reviewed. This review encompasses essential oils of Thymus spp., Artemisia spp., Ziziphora clinopodioides, Valeriana jatamansi, Acorus spp., and others as well as some of their components including 1,8-cineole, \u03b2-caryophyllene, \u03b2-patchoulene, carvacrol, \u03b2-ionone, eugenol, geraniol, menthol, linalool, thymol, \u03b1-asarone, and \u03b1-thujone. Essential oils that target PPAR\/PI3K-Akt\/MAPK signalling pathways could supplement other approaches to modulate microglial-associated inflammation to treat neurodegenerative diseases, particularly in cases where reactive microglia play a part in the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying neurodegeneration.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25105168","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,10]],"date-time":"2024-05-10T03:21:04Z","timestamp":1715311264000},"page":"5168","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":63,"title":["Essential Oil Constituents as Anti-Inflammatory and Neuroprotective Agents: An Insight through Microglia Modulation"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"25","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0124-3501","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nikola M.","family":"Stojanovi\u0107","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ni\u0161, 18000 Ni\u0161, Serbia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4569-1787","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pavle J.","family":"Ran\u0111elovi\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ni\u0161, 18000 Ni\u0161, Serbia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maja","family":"Simonovi\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ni\u0161, 18000 Ni\u0161, Serbia"},{"name":"University Clinical Centre Ni\u0161, 18000 Ni\u0161, Serbia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Milica","family":"Radi\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Clinical Centre Ni\u0161, 18000 Ni\u0161, Serbia"},{"name":"Department of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ni\u0161, 18000 Ni\u0161, Serbia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefan","family":"Todorovi\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Clinical Centre Ni\u0161, 18000 Ni\u0161, Serbia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5923-4974","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Myles","family":"Corrigan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9734-216X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrew","family":"Harkin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5531-1787","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fabio","family":"Boylan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland"},{"name":"Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute (TBSI) and The Trinity Centre for Natural Product Research (NatPro), D02 R590 Dublin, Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"622","DOI":"10.1038\/s41583-018-0057-5","article-title":"Microglial signatures and their role in health and disease","volume":"19","author":"Butovsky","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. 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