{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T04:27:51Z","timestamp":1777523271242,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":64,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,10]],"date-time":"2024-05-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1715299200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"INP Greifswald, Germany"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Epidermal melanin synthesis determines an individual\u2019s skin color. In humans, melanin is formed by melanocytes within the epidermis. The process of melanin synthesis strongly depends on a range of cellular factors, including the fine-tuned interplay with reactive oxygen species (ROS). In this context, a role of cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) on melanin synthesis was proposed due to its tunable ROS generation. Herein, the argon-driven plasma jet kINPen\u00ae MED was employed, and its impact on melanin synthesis was evaluated by comparison with known stimulants such as the phosphodiesterase inhibitor IBMX and UV radiation. Different available model systems were employed, and the melanin content of both cultured human melanocytes (in vitro) and full-thickness human skin biopsies (in situ) were analyzed. A histochemical method detected melanin in skin tissue. Cellular melanin was measured by NIR autofluorescence using flow cytometry, and a highly sensitive HPLC-MS method was applied, which enabled the differentiation of eu- and pheomelanin by their degradation products. The melanin content in full-thickness human skin biopsies increased after repeated CAP exposure, while there were only minor effects in cultured melanocytes compared to UV radiation and IBMX treatment. Based on these findings, CAP does not appear to be a useful option for treating skin pigmentation disorders. On the other hand, the risk of hyperpigmentation as an adverse effect of CAP application for wound healing or other dermatological diseases seems to be neglectable.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25105186","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,10]],"date-time":"2024-05-10T03:21:04Z","timestamp":1715311264000},"page":"5186","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Exploring the Influence of Cold Plasma on Epidermal Melanogenesis In Situ and In Vitro"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"25","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4762-7156","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sybille","family":"Hasse","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Leibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology e.V. (INP), a Member of the Leibniz Health Technologies Research Alliance, Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 2, 17489 Greifswald, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marie-Christine","family":"Sommer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Leibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology e.V. (INP), a Member of the Leibniz Health Technologies Research Alliance, Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 2, 17489 Greifswald, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sebastian","family":"Guenther","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Pharmacy, Department Pharmaceutical Biology, Greifswald University, Friedrich-Ludwig-Jahn-Str. 17, 17489 Greifswald, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christian","family":"Schulze","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Pharmacy, Department Pharmaceutical Biology, Greifswald University, Friedrich-Ludwig-Jahn-Str. 17, 17489 Greifswald, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8773-8862","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sander","family":"Bekeschus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Leibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology e.V. (INP), a Member of the Leibniz Health Technologies Research Alliance, Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 2, 17489 Greifswald, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1097-4832","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thomas","family":"von Woedtke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Leibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology e.V. (INP), a Member of the Leibniz Health Technologies Research Alliance, Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 2, 17489 Greifswald, Germany"},{"name":"Institute for Hygiene and Environmental Medicine, Greifswald University Medical Centre, Walther-Rathenau-Str. 48, 17489 Greifswald, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"943","article-title":"A review of recent advances on the regulation of pigmentation in the human epidermis","volume":"45","author":"Schallreuter","year":"1999","journal-title":"Cell. Mol. Biol."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0625.2007.00675.x","article-title":"Regulation of melanogenesis\u2014Controversies and new concepts","volume":"17","author":"Schallreuter","year":"2008","journal-title":"Exp. 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