{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,22]],"date-time":"2026-04-22T12:14:43Z","timestamp":1776860083691,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,10]],"date-time":"2024-05-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1715299200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Brazilian Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel","award":["001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["001"]}]},{"name":"Brazilian Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel","award":["8TKG6.300324"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["8TKG6.300324"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100016182","name":"Office of Graduate Studies of the Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["001"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100016182","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100016182","name":"Office of Graduate Studies of the Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["8TKG6.300324"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["8TKG6.300324"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100016182","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Parkinson\u2019s disease (PD) is a progressive disorder characterized by the apoptosis of dopaminergic neurons in the basal ganglia. This study explored the potential effects of aminophylline, a non-selective adenosine A1 and A2A receptor antagonist, on catalepsy and gait in a haloperidol-induced PD model. Sixty adult male Swiss mice were surgically implanted with guide cannulas that targeted the basal ganglia. After seven days, the mice received intraperitoneal injections of either haloperidol (experimental group, PD-induced model) or saline solution (control group, non-PD-induced model), followed by intracerebral infusions of aminophylline. The assessments included catalepsy testing on the bar and gait analysis using the Open Field Maze. A two-way repeated-measures analysis of variance (ANOVA), followed by Tukey\u2019s post hoc tests, was employed to evaluate the impact of groups (experimental \u00d7 control), aminophylline (60 nM \u00d7 120 nM \u00d7 saline\/placebo), and interactions. Significance was set at 5%. The results revealed that the systemic administration of haloperidol in the experimental group increased catalepsy and dysfunction of gait that paralleled the observations in PD. Co-treatment with aminophylline at 60 nM and 120 nM reversed catalepsy in the experimental group but did not restore the normal gait pattern of the animals. In the non-PD induced group, which did not present any signs of catalepsy or motor dysfunctions, the intracerebral dose of aminophylline did not exert any interference on reaction time for catalepsy but increased walking distance in the Open Field Maze. Considering the results, this study highlights important adenosine interactions in the basal ganglia of animals with and without signs comparable to those of PD. These findings offer valuable insights into the neurobiology of PD and emphasize the importance of exploring novel therapeutic strategies to improve patient\u2019s catalepsy and gait.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25105191","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,10]],"date-time":"2024-05-10T03:21:04Z","timestamp":1715311264000},"page":"5191","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Effects of Intracerebral Aminophylline Dosing on Catalepsy and Gait in an Animal Model of Parkinson\u2019s Disease"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"25","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5214-1935","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"\u00c9rica","family":"de Moraes Santos Corr\u00eaa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Health, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, UFMS, Campo Grande 79060-900, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7879-239X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gustavo","family":"Christofoletti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Health, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, UFMS, Campo Grande 79060-900, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Albert Schiaveto","family":"de Souza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Health, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, UFMS, Campo Grande 79060-900, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"901","DOI":"10.1007\/s00702-017-1686-y","article-title":"Epidemiology of Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"124","author":"Tysnes","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. 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