{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,3]],"date-time":"2026-10-03T02:42:49Z","timestamp":1790995369217,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,10]],"date-time":"2024-05-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1715299200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004166","name":"Medical University of Warsaw","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1M15\/NM1\/17"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1M15\/NM1\/17"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004166","name":"Medical University of Warsaw","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MNiSW\/2019\/106\/DIR\/NN3"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MNiSW\/2019\/106\/DIR\/NN3"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Polish Ministry of Science and Higher Education","award":["1M15\/NM1\/17"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1M15\/NM1\/17"]}]},{"name":"Polish Ministry of Science and Higher Education","award":["MNiSW\/2019\/106\/DIR\/NN3"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MNiSW\/2019\/106\/DIR\/NN3"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The objective of this study was to investigate if delivering multiple doses of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) post-surgery in addition to pre-incisional administration significantly impacts the wound healing process in a rat model. Full-thickness skin incisions were carried out on the dorsum of 24 Sprague-Dawley rats in six locations. Fifteen minutes prior to the incision, half of the sites were treated with a control solution, with the wounds on the contralateral side treated with solutions containing 0.015%, 0.03% and 0.045% of NAC. In the case of the NAC treated group, further injections were given every 8 h for three days. On days 3, 7, 14 and 60 post-op, rats were sacrificed to gather material for the histological analysis, which included histomorphometry, collagen fiber organization analysis, immunohistochemistry and Abramov scale scoring. It was determined that scars treated with 0.015% NAC had significantly lower reepithelization than the control at day 60 post-op (p = 0.0018). Scars treated with 0.045% NAC had a significantly lower collagen fiber variance compared to 0.015% NAC at day 14 post-op (p = 0.02 and p = 0.04) and a lower mean scar width than the control at day 60 post-op (p = 0.0354 and p = 0.0224). No significant differences in the recruitment of immune cells and histological parameters were found. The results point to a limited efficacy of multiple NAC injections post-surgery in wound healing.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25105200","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,14]],"date-time":"2024-05-14T08:03:08Z","timestamp":1715673788000},"page":"5200","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Pre-Incisional and Multiple Intradermal Injection of N-Acetylcysteine Slightly Improves Incisional Wound Healing in an Animal Model"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"25","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3051-5446","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wiktor","family":"Pascal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Methodology, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antoni","family":"Smoli\u0144ski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Methodology, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9432-3980","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mateusz","family":"Gotowiec","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Methodology, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-8290-6908","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marta","family":"Wojtkiewicz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Methodology, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7591-9482","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Albert","family":"Stachura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Methodology, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland"},{"name":"Doctoral School, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4679-9669","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kacper","family":"Pe\u0142ka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Methodology, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4557-277X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Micha\u0142","family":"Kopka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Methodology, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland"},{"name":"Doctoral School, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kyle P.","family":"Quinn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8400-7813","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alan E.","family":"Woessner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1812-7061","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dariusz","family":"Grzelecki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedics and Rheumoorthopedics, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Professor Adam Gruca Orthopedic and Trauma Teaching Hospital, 05-400 Otwock, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0683-1791","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pawe\u0142","family":"W\u0142odarski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Methodology, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"288","DOI":"10.1089\/wound.2021.0161","article-title":"Inflammation in Wound Healing and Pathological Scarring","volume":"12","author":"Hong","year":"2023","journal-title":"Adv. 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