{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T14:32:58Z","timestamp":1790778778598,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":118,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,10]],"date-time":"2024-05-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1715299200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003130","name":"Research Foundation Flanders (FWO)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1SE9324N"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1SE9324N"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003130","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Kom op tegen Kanker","award":["1SE9324N"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1SE9324N"]}]},{"name":"UZ Brussel Foundation","award":["1SE9324N"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1SE9324N"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Over the last decades, the survival of multiple myeloma (MM) patients has considerably improved. However, despite the availability of new treatments, most patients still relapse and become therapy-resistant at some point in the disease evolution. The mutation profile has an impact on MM patients\u2019 outcome, while typically evolving over time. Because of the patchy bone marrow (BM) infiltration pattern, the analysis of a single bone marrow sample can lead to an underestimation of the known genetic heterogeneity in MM. As a result, interest is shifting towards blood-derived liquid biopsies, which allow for a more comprehensive and non-invasive genetic interrogation without the discomfort of repeated BM aspirations. In this review, we compare the application potential for mutation profiling in MM of circulating-tumor-cell-derived DNA, cell-free DNA and extracellular-vesicle-derived DNA, while also addressing the challenges associated with their use.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25105208","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,14]],"date-time":"2024-05-14T08:03:08Z","timestamp":1715673788000},"page":"5208","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Liquid Biopsies as Non-Invasive Tools for Mutation Profiling in Multiple Myeloma: Application Potential, Challenges, and Opportunities"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"25","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2937-1705","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Robbe","family":"Heestermans","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Biology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel (UZ Brussel), Laarbeeklaan 101, 1090 Brussels, Belgium"},{"name":"Department of Hematology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel (UZ Brussel), Laarbeeklaan 101, 1090 Brussels, Belgium"},{"name":"Translational Oncology Research Center (Team Hematology and Immunology), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090 Brussels, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rik","family":"Schots","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hematology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel (UZ Brussel), Laarbeeklaan 101, 1090 Brussels, Belgium"},{"name":"Translational Oncology Research Center (Team Hematology and Immunology), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090 Brussels, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0947-8708","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ann","family":"De Becker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hematology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel (UZ Brussel), Laarbeeklaan 101, 1090 Brussels, Belgium"},{"name":"Translational Oncology Research Center (Team Hematology and Immunology), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090 Brussels, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3662-4347","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ivan","family":"Van Riet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hematology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel (UZ Brussel), Laarbeeklaan 101, 1090 Brussels, Belgium"},{"name":"Translational Oncology Research Center (Team Hematology and Immunology), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090 Brussels, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1046","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1011442","article-title":"Multiple myeloma","volume":"364","author":"Palumbo","year":"2011","journal-title":"N. 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