{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,5]],"date-time":"2026-08-05T11:10:36Z","timestamp":1785928236466,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":104,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,10]],"date-time":"2024-05-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1715299200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This study, conducted by searching keywords such as \u201cmaternal lupus\u201d, \u201cneonatal lupus\u201d, and \u201ccongenital heart block\u201d in databases including PubMed and Scopus, provides a detailed narrative review on fetal and neonatal lupus. Autoantibodies like anti-Ro\/SSA and anti-La\/SSB may cross the placenta and cause complications in neonates, such as congenital heart block (CHB). Management options involve hydroxychloroquine, which is able to counteract some of the adverse events, although the drug needs to be used carefully because of its impact on the QTc interval. Advanced pacing strategies for neonates with CHB, especially in severe forms like hydrops, are also assessed. This review emphasizes the need for interdisciplinary care by rheumatologists, obstetricians, and pediatricians in order to achieve the best maternal and neonatal health in lupus pregnancies. This multidisciplinary approach seeks to improve the outcomes and management of the disease, decreasing the burden on mothers and their infants.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25105224","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,14]],"date-time":"2024-05-14T08:03:08Z","timestamp":1715673788000},"page":"5224","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Molecular Mechanisms of Fetal and Neonatal Lupus: A Narrative Review of an Autoimmune Disease Transferal across the Placenta"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"25","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2644-1475","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Armando","family":"Di Ludovico","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Paediatric Department, University of Chieti \u201cG. D\u2019Annunzio\u201d, 66100 Chieti, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marta","family":"Rinaldi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Paediatric Department, Buckinghamshire Healthcare NHS Trust, Aylesbury-Thames Valley Deanery, Aylesbury HP21 8AL, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3911-1256","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francesca","family":"Mainieri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Paediatric Department, University of Chieti \u201cG. D\u2019Annunzio\u201d, 66100 Chieti, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-9644-7919","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stefano","family":"Di Michele","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgical Science, Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria Blocco I, Asse didattico Medicina P2, Monserrato, 09042 Cagliari, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Virginia","family":"Girlando","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Paediatric Department, University of Chieti \u201cG. D\u2019Annunzio\u201d, 66100 Chieti, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francesca","family":"Ciarelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Paediatric Department, University of Chieti \u201cG. D\u2019Annunzio\u201d, 66100 Chieti, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1244-0789","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Saverio","family":"La Bella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Paediatric Department, University of Chieti \u201cG. D\u2019Annunzio\u201d, 66100 Chieti, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francesco","family":"Chiarelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Paediatric Department, University of Chieti \u201cG. D\u2019Annunzio\u201d, 66100 Chieti, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6513-3160","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marina","family":"Attanasi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Paediatric Department, University of Chieti \u201cG. D\u2019Annunzio\u201d, 66100 Chieti, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7008-3409","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Angela","family":"Mauro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Rheumatology Unit, Department of Childhood and Developmental Medicine, Fatebenefratelli\u2014Sacco Hospital, Piazzale Principessa Clotilde, 20121 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emanuele","family":"Bizzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Internal Medicine, ASST Fatebenefratelli Sacco, Fatebenefratelli Hospital, University of Milan, 20121 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7566-5600","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Antonio","family":"Brucato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Internal Medicine, ASST Fatebenefratelli Sacco, Fatebenefratelli Hospital, University of Milan, 20121 Milan, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences \u201cSacco\u201d, University of Milano, Ospedale Fatebenefratelli, 20121 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luciana","family":"Breda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Paediatric Department, University of Chieti \u201cG. D\u2019Annunzio\u201d, 66100 Chieti, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"615","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.1983.01650310077018","article-title":"Possible discoid lupus erythematosus in newborn infant. Report of a case with subsequent development of acute systemic lupus erythematosus in mother","volume":"119","author":"McCuistion","year":"1983","journal-title":"Arch. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"648","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcp\/28.6.648","article-title":"Congenital, Acute Lupus Erythematosus Associated with Subendocardial Fibroelastosis: Report of a Case","volume":"28","author":"Hogg","year":"1957","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. 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