{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,20]],"date-time":"2026-04-20T10:49:48Z","timestamp":1776682188002,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":77,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,14]],"date-time":"2024-05-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1715644800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Yunnan Provincial Science and Technology Department","award":["202302AE090017"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202302AE090017"]}]},{"name":"Yunnan Provincial Science and Technology Department","award":["202302AE090009"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202302AE090009"]}]},{"name":"Yunnan Provincial Science and Technology Department","award":["202001AT070128"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202001AT070128"]}]},{"name":"Yunnan Provincial Science and Technology Department","award":["202003AD150008"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202003AD150008"]}]},{"name":"Yunnan Provincial Science and Technology Department","award":["202302AA310035"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202302AA310035"]}]},{"name":"Yunnan Provincial Science and Technology Department","award":["JiaoWaiSiYa[2020]619#"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JiaoWaiSiYa[2020]619#"]}]},{"name":"Yunnan Provincial Science and Technology Department","award":["2023YFF1304904"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023YFF1304904"]}]},{"name":"Yunnan Provincial Science and Technology Department","award":["2022YFC2105003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022YFC2105003"]}]},{"name":"Yunnan Provincial Science and Technology Department","award":["31930015"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["31930015"]}]},{"name":"Yunnan Provincial Science and Technology Department","award":["32002311"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32002311"]}]},{"name":"Yunnan Provincial Science and Technology Department","award":["U2002219"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U2002219"]}]},{"name":"Yunnan Provincial Science and Technology Department","award":["[2019]50#"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["[2019]50#"]}]},{"name":"Yunnan Provincial Science and Technology Department","award":["2022SCP007"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022SCP007"]}]},{"name":"Yunnan Provincial Science and Technology Department","award":["NCI202238"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NCI202238"]}]},{"name":"Yunnan Provincial Science and Technology Department","award":["2022YKZY006"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022YKZY006"]}]},{"name":"Yunnan Provincial Science and Technology Department","award":["TFJC2023010007"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["TFJC2023010007"]}]},{"name":"Lancang-Mekong Cooperation Special Fund Projects","award":["202302AE090017"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202302AE090017"]}]},{"name":"Lancang-Mekong Cooperation Special Fund Projects","award":["202302AE090009"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202302AE090009"]}]},{"name":"Lancang-Mekong Cooperation Special Fund Projects","award":["202001AT070128"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202001AT070128"]}]},{"name":"Lancang-Mekong Cooperation Special Fund Projects","award":["202003AD150008"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202003AD150008"]}]},{"name":"Lancang-Mekong Cooperation Special Fund Projects","award":["202302AA310035"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202302AA310035"]}]},{"name":"Lancang-Mekong Cooperation Special Fund Projects","award":["JiaoWaiSiYa[2020]619#"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JiaoWaiSiYa[2020]619#"]}]},{"name":"Lancang-Mekong Cooperation Special Fund Projects","award":["2023YFF1304904"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023YFF1304904"]}]},{"name":"Lancang-Mekong Cooperation Special Fund Projects","award":["2022YFC2105003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022YFC2105003"]}]},{"name":"Lancang-Mekong Cooperation Special Fund Projects","award":["31930015"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["31930015"]}]},{"name":"Lancang-Mekong Cooperation Special Fund Projects","award":["32002311"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32002311"]}]},{"name":"Lancang-Mekong Cooperation Special Fund Projects","award":["U2002219"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U2002219"]}]},{"name":"Lancang-Mekong Cooperation Special Fund Projects","award":["[2019]50#"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["[2019]50#"]}]},{"name":"Lancang-Mekong Cooperation Special Fund Projects","award":["2022SCP007"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022SCP007"]}]},{"name":"Lancang-Mekong Cooperation Special Fund Projects","award":["NCI202238"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NCI202238"]}]},{"name":"Lancang-Mekong Cooperation Special Fund Projects","award":["2022YKZY006"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022YKZY006"]}]},{"name":"Lancang-Mekong Cooperation Special Fund Projects","award":["TFJC2023010007"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["TFJC2023010007"]}]},{"name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","award":["202302AE090017"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202302AE090017"]}]},{"name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","award":["202302AE090009"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202302AE090009"]}]},{"name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","award":["202001AT070128"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202001AT070128"]}]},{"name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","award":["202003AD150008"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202003AD150008"]}]},{"name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","award":["202302AA310035"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202302AA310035"]}]},{"name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","award":["JiaoWaiSiYa[2020]619#"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JiaoWaiSiYa[2020]619#"]}]},{"name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","award":["2023YFF1304904"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023YFF1304904"]}]},{"name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","award":["2022YFC2105003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022YFC2105003"]}]},{"name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","award":["31930015"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["31930015"]}]},{"name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","award":["32002311"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32002311"]}]},{"name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","award":["U2002219"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U2002219"]}]},{"name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","award":["[2019]50#"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["[2019]50#"]}]},{"name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","award":["2022SCP007"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022SCP007"]}]},{"name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","award":["NCI202238"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NCI202238"]}]},{"name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","award":["2022YKZY006"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022YKZY006"]}]},{"name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","award":["TFJC2023010007"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["TFJC2023010007"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["202302AE090017"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202302AE090017"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["202302AE090009"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202302AE090009"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["202001AT070128"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202001AT070128"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["202003AD150008"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202003AD150008"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["202302AA310035"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202302AA310035"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["JiaoWaiSiYa[2020]619#"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JiaoWaiSiYa[2020]619#"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["2023YFF1304904"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023YFF1304904"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["2022YFC2105003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022YFC2105003"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["31930015"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["31930015"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["32002311"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32002311"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["U2002219"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U2002219"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["[2019]50#"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["[2019]50#"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["2022SCP007"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022SCP007"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["NCI202238"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NCI202238"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["2022YKZY006"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022YKZY006"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["TFJC2023010007"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["TFJC2023010007"]}]},{"name":"National Forestry Science and Technology Promotion Project","award":["202302AE090017"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202302AE090017"]}]},{"name":"National Forestry Science and Technology Promotion Project","award":["202302AE090009"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202302AE090009"]}]},{"name":"National Forestry Science and Technology Promotion Project","award":["202001AT070128"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202001AT070128"]}]},{"name":"National Forestry Science and Technology Promotion Project","award":["202003AD150008"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202003AD150008"]}]},{"name":"National Forestry Science and Technology Promotion Project","award":["202302AA310035"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202302AA310035"]}]},{"name":"National Forestry Science and Technology Promotion Project","award":["JiaoWaiSiYa[2020]619#"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JiaoWaiSiYa[2020]619#"]}]},{"name":"National Forestry Science and Technology Promotion Project","award":["2023YFF1304904"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023YFF1304904"]}]},{"name":"National Forestry Science and Technology Promotion Project","award":["2022YFC2105003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022YFC2105003"]}]},{"name":"National Forestry Science and Technology Promotion Project","award":["31930015"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["31930015"]}]},{"name":"National Forestry Science and Technology Promotion Project","award":["32002311"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32002311"]}]},{"name":"National Forestry Science and Technology Promotion Project","award":["U2002219"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U2002219"]}]},{"name":"National Forestry Science and Technology Promotion Project","award":["[2019]50#"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["[2019]50#"]}]},{"name":"National Forestry Science and Technology Promotion Project","award":["2022SCP007"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022SCP007"]}]},{"name":"National Forestry Science and Technology Promotion Project","award":["NCI202238"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NCI202238"]}]},{"name":"National Forestry Science and Technology Promotion Project","award":["2022YKZY006"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022YKZY006"]}]},{"name":"National Forestry Science and Technology Promotion Project","award":["TFJC2023010007"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["TFJC2023010007"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100017720","name":"Kunming Science and Technology Bureau","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["202302AE090017"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202302AE090017"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100017720","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100017720","name":"Kunming Science and Technology Bureau","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["202302AE090009"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202302AE090009"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100017720","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100017720","name":"Kunming Science and Technology Bureau","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["202001AT070128"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202001AT070128"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100017720","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100017720","name":"Kunming Science and Technology Bureau","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["202003AD150008"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202003AD150008"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100017720","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100017720","name":"Kunming Science and Technology Bureau","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["202302AA310035"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202302AA310035"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100017720","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100017720","name":"Kunming Science and Technology Bureau","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["JiaoWaiSiYa[2020]619#"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JiaoWaiSiYa[2020]619#"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100017720","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100017720","name":"Kunming Science and Technology Bureau","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2023YFF1304904"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023YFF1304904"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100017720","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100017720","name":"Kunming Science and Technology Bureau","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2022YFC2105003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022YFC2105003"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100017720","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100017720","name":"Kunming Science and Technology Bureau","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["31930015"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["31930015"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100017720","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100017720","name":"Kunming Science and Technology Bureau","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["32002311"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32002311"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100017720","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100017720","name":"Kunming Science and Technology Bureau","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U2002219"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U2002219"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100017720","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100017720","name":"Kunming Science and Technology Bureau","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["[2019]50#"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["[2019]50#"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100017720","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100017720","name":"Kunming Science and Technology Bureau","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2022SCP007"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022SCP007"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100017720","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100017720","name":"Kunming Science and Technology Bureau","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NCI202238"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NCI202238"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100017720","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100017720","name":"Kunming Science and Technology Bureau","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2022YKZY006"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022YKZY006"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100017720","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100017720","name":"Kunming Science and Technology Bureau","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["TFJC2023010007"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["TFJC2023010007"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100017720","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Shenzhen New Cornerstone Science Foundation","award":["202302AE090017"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202302AE090017"]}]},{"name":"Shenzhen New Cornerstone Science Foundation","award":["202302AE090009"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202302AE090009"]}]},{"name":"Shenzhen New Cornerstone Science Foundation","award":["202001AT070128"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202001AT070128"]}]},{"name":"Shenzhen New Cornerstone Science Foundation","award":["202003AD150008"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202003AD150008"]}]},{"name":"Shenzhen New Cornerstone Science Foundation","award":["202302AA310035"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202302AA310035"]}]},{"name":"Shenzhen New Cornerstone Science Foundation","award":["JiaoWaiSiYa[2020]619#"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JiaoWaiSiYa[2020]619#"]}]},{"name":"Shenzhen New Cornerstone Science Foundation","award":["2023YFF1304904"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023YFF1304904"]}]},{"name":"Shenzhen New Cornerstone Science Foundation","award":["2022YFC2105003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022YFC2105003"]}]},{"name":"Shenzhen New Cornerstone Science Foundation","award":["31930015"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["31930015"]}]},{"name":"Shenzhen New Cornerstone Science Foundation","award":["32002311"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32002311"]}]},{"name":"Shenzhen New Cornerstone Science Foundation","award":["U2002219"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U2002219"]}]},{"name":"Shenzhen New Cornerstone Science Foundation","award":["[2019]50#"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["[2019]50#"]}]},{"name":"Shenzhen New Cornerstone Science Foundation","award":["2022SCP007"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022SCP007"]}]},{"name":"Shenzhen New Cornerstone Science Foundation","award":["NCI202238"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NCI202238"]}]},{"name":"Shenzhen New Cornerstone Science Foundation","award":["2022YKZY006"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022YKZY006"]}]},{"name":"Shenzhen New Cornerstone Science Foundation","award":["TFJC2023010007"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["TFJC2023010007"]}]},{"name":"Yunnan Characteristic Plant Extraction Laboratory","award":["202302AE090017"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202302AE090017"]}]},{"name":"Yunnan Characteristic Plant Extraction Laboratory","award":["202302AE090009"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202302AE090009"]}]},{"name":"Yunnan Characteristic Plant Extraction Laboratory","award":["202001AT070128"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202001AT070128"]}]},{"name":"Yunnan Characteristic Plant Extraction Laboratory","award":["202003AD150008"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202003AD150008"]}]},{"name":"Yunnan Characteristic Plant Extraction Laboratory","award":["202302AA310035"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202302AA310035"]}]},{"name":"Yunnan Characteristic Plant Extraction Laboratory","award":["JiaoWaiSiYa[2020]619#"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JiaoWaiSiYa[2020]619#"]}]},{"name":"Yunnan Characteristic Plant Extraction Laboratory","award":["2023YFF1304904"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023YFF1304904"]}]},{"name":"Yunnan Characteristic Plant Extraction Laboratory","award":["2022YFC2105003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022YFC2105003"]}]},{"name":"Yunnan Characteristic Plant Extraction Laboratory","award":["31930015"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["31930015"]}]},{"name":"Yunnan Characteristic Plant Extraction Laboratory","award":["32002311"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32002311"]}]},{"name":"Yunnan Characteristic Plant Extraction Laboratory","award":["U2002219"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U2002219"]}]},{"name":"Yunnan Characteristic Plant Extraction Laboratory","award":["[2019]50#"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["[2019]50#"]}]},{"name":"Yunnan Characteristic Plant Extraction Laboratory","award":["2022SCP007"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022SCP007"]}]},{"name":"Yunnan Characteristic Plant Extraction Laboratory","award":["NCI202238"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NCI202238"]}]},{"name":"Yunnan Characteristic Plant Extraction Laboratory","award":["2022YKZY006"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022YKZY006"]}]},{"name":"Yunnan Characteristic Plant Extraction Laboratory","award":["TFJC2023010007"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["TFJC2023010007"]}]},{"name":"Tianfu Jincheng Laboratory Foundation","award":["202302AE090017"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202302AE090017"]}]},{"name":"Tianfu Jincheng Laboratory Foundation","award":["202302AE090009"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202302AE090009"]}]},{"name":"Tianfu Jincheng Laboratory Foundation","award":["202001AT070128"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202001AT070128"]}]},{"name":"Tianfu Jincheng Laboratory Foundation","award":["202003AD150008"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202003AD150008"]}]},{"name":"Tianfu Jincheng Laboratory Foundation","award":["202302AA310035"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202302AA310035"]}]},{"name":"Tianfu Jincheng Laboratory Foundation","award":["JiaoWaiSiYa[2020]619#"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JiaoWaiSiYa[2020]619#"]}]},{"name":"Tianfu Jincheng Laboratory Foundation","award":["2023YFF1304904"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023YFF1304904"]}]},{"name":"Tianfu Jincheng Laboratory Foundation","award":["2022YFC2105003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022YFC2105003"]}]},{"name":"Tianfu Jincheng Laboratory Foundation","award":["31930015"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["31930015"]}]},{"name":"Tianfu Jincheng Laboratory Foundation","award":["32002311"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32002311"]}]},{"name":"Tianfu Jincheng Laboratory Foundation","award":["U2002219"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U2002219"]}]},{"name":"Tianfu Jincheng Laboratory Foundation","award":["[2019]50#"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["[2019]50#"]}]},{"name":"Tianfu Jincheng Laboratory Foundation","award":["2022SCP007"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022SCP007"]}]},{"name":"Tianfu Jincheng Laboratory Foundation","award":["NCI202238"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NCI202238"]}]},{"name":"Tianfu Jincheng Laboratory Foundation","award":["2022YKZY006"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022YKZY006"]}]},{"name":"Tianfu Jincheng Laboratory Foundation","award":["TFJC2023010007"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["TFJC2023010007"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Cryptococcus neoformans (C. neoformans) is a pathogenic fungus that can cause life-threatening meningitis, particularly in individuals with compromised immune systems. The current standard treatment involves the combination of amphotericin B and azole drugs, but this regimen often leads to inevitable toxicity in patients. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop new antifungal drugs with improved safety profiles. We screened antimicrobial peptides from the hemolymph transcriptome of Blaps rhynchopetera (B. rhynchopetera), a folk Chinese medicine. We found an antimicrobial peptide named blap-6 that exhibited potent activity against bacteria and fungi. Blap-6 is composed of 17 amino acids (KRCRFRIYRWGFPRRRF), and it has excellent antifungal activity against C. neoformans, with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 0.81 \u03bcM. Blap-6 exhibits strong antifungal kinetic characteristics. Mechanistic studies revealed that blap-6 exerts its antifungal activity by penetrating and disrupting the integrity of the fungal cell membrane. In addition to its direct antifungal effect, blap-6 showed strong biofilm inhibition and scavenging activity. Notably, the peptide exhibited low hemolytic and cytotoxicity to human cells and may be a potential candidate antimicrobial drug for fungal infection caused by C. neoformans.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25105336","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,14]],"date-time":"2024-05-14T08:03:08Z","timestamp":1715673788000},"page":"5336","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Blap-6, a Novel Antifungal Peptide from the Chinese Medicinal Beetle Blaps rhynchopetera against Cryptococcus neoformans"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"La-Mei","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Highland Forest Science, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Kunming 650224, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Breeding and Utilization of Resource Insects, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Kunming 650224, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sheng-Wen","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Engineering Laboratory of Peptides of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Peptides of Yunnan Province, KIZ-CUHK Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common Diseases, National Resource Center for Non-Human Primates, National Research Facility for Phenotypic & Genetic Analysis of Model Animals (Primate Facility), Key Laboratory of Genetic Evolution & Animal Models, Sino-African Joint Research Center, and New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, Kunming Institute of Zoology, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.17 Longxin Road, Kunming 650201, China"},{"name":"Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiao-Shan","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Engineering Laboratory of Peptides of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Peptides of Yunnan Province, KIZ-CUHK Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common Diseases, National Resource Center for Non-Human Primates, National Research Facility for Phenotypic & Genetic Analysis of Model Animals (Primate Facility), Key Laboratory of Genetic Evolution & Animal Models, Sino-African Joint Research Center, and New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, Kunming Institute of Zoology, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.17 Longxin Road, Kunming 650201, China"},{"name":"Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yi-Fan","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Engineering Laboratory of Peptides of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Peptides of Yunnan Province, KIZ-CUHK Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common Diseases, National Resource Center for Non-Human Primates, National Research Facility for Phenotypic & Genetic Analysis of Model Animals (Primate Facility), Key Laboratory of Genetic Evolution & Animal Models, Sino-African Joint Research Center, and New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, Kunming Institute of Zoology, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.17 Longxin Road, Kunming 650201, China"},{"name":"Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"James","family":"Mwangi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Engineering Laboratory of Peptides of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Peptides of Yunnan Province, KIZ-CUHK Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common Diseases, National Resource Center for Non-Human Primates, National Research Facility for Phenotypic & Genetic Analysis of Model Animals (Primate Facility), Key Laboratory of Genetic Evolution & Animal Models, Sino-African Joint Research Center, and New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, Kunming Institute of Zoology, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.17 Longxin Road, Kunming 650201, China"},{"name":"Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ya-Qun","family":"Fang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Engineering Laboratory of Peptides of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Peptides of Yunnan Province, KIZ-CUHK Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common Diseases, National Resource Center for Non-Human Primates, National Research Facility for Phenotypic & Genetic Analysis of Model Animals (Primate Facility), Key Laboratory of Genetic Evolution & Animal Models, Sino-African Joint Research Center, and New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, Kunming Institute of Zoology, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.17 Longxin Road, Kunming 650201, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ting","family":"Du","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Highland Forest Science, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Kunming 650224, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Breeding and Utilization of Resource Insects, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Kunming 650224, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8752-7221","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Min","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Highland Forest Science, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Kunming 650224, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Breeding and Utilization of Resource Insects, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Kunming 650224, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lei","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Highland Forest Science, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Kunming 650224, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Breeding and Utilization of Resource Insects, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Kunming 650224, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9986-9950","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Qiu-Min","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Engineering Laboratory of Peptides of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Peptides of Yunnan Province, KIZ-CUHK Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common Diseases, National Resource Center for Non-Human Primates, National Research Facility for Phenotypic & Genetic Analysis of Model Animals (Primate Facility), Key Laboratory of Genetic Evolution & Animal Models, Sino-African Joint Research Center, and New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, Kunming Institute of Zoology, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.17 Longxin Road, Kunming 650201, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jphotobiol.2016.05.005","article-title":"Binding mode of dihydroquinazolinones with lysozyme and its antifungal activity against Aspergillus species","volume":"161","author":"Hemalatha","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Photochem. Photobiol. B"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02050749","article-title":"Relation of the pigeon to cryptococcosis: Natural carrier state, heat resistance and survival of Cryptococcus neoformans","volume":"35","author":"Littman","year":"1968","journal-title":"Mycopathol. Mycol. Appl."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.29252\/cmm.3.2.20","article-title":"Isolation and molecular characterization of Cryptococcus species isolated from pigeon nests and Eucalyptus trees","volume":"3","author":"Kamari","year":"2017","journal-title":"Curr. Med. Mycol."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro2522","article-title":"Expanding fungal pathogenesis: Cryptococcus breaks out of the opportunistic box","volume":"9","author":"Kronstad","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"895","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2011.05.009","article-title":"Cryptococcus gattii: An emerging fungal pathogen infecting humans and animals","volume":"13","author":"Byrnes","year":"2011","journal-title":"Microbes. Infect."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bratton, E.W., El Husseini, N.K., Chastain, C.A., Lee, M.S., Poole, C., St\u00fcrmer, T., Juliano, J.J., Weber, D.J., and Perfect, J.R. (2012). Comparison and temporal trends of three groups with cryptococcosis: HIV-infected, solid organ transplant, and HIV-negative\/non-transplant. PLoS ONE, 7.","DOI":"10.1371\/annotation\/a94bc542-6682-4579-a315-57019cef7e0e"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Beardsley, J., Sorrell, T.C., and Chen, S.C. (2019). Central nervous system cryptococcal infections in non-HIV infected patients. J. Fungi, 5.","DOI":"10.3390\/jof5030071"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Li, Y., Zou, M., Yin, J., Liu, Z., and Lu, B. (2020). Microbiological, epidemiological, and clinical characteristics of patients with cryptococcal meningitis at a tertiary hospital in China: A 6-year retrospective analysis. Front. Microbiol., 11.","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2020.01837"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"873","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(17)30243-8","article-title":"Global burden of disease of HIV-associated cryptococcal meningitis: An updated analysis","volume":"17","author":"Rajasingham","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165rv13","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.3004404","article-title":"Hidden killers: Human fungal infections","volume":"4","author":"Brown","year":"2012","journal-title":"Sci. Transl. Med."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1125","DOI":"10.1590\/S1517-838246420140564","article-title":"Antifungal susceptibility of clinical and environmental Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii isolates in Jabalpur, a city of Madhya Pradesh in central India","volume":"46","author":"Gutch","year":"2015","journal-title":"Braz. J. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2388","DOI":"10.1007\/s11426-012-4621-y","article-title":"Discovery of ferrocene-carborane derivatives as novel chemical antimicrobial agents against multidrug-resistant bacteria","volume":"55","author":"Li","year":"2012","journal-title":"Sci. China. Chem."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4259","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-021-03784-z","article-title":"Insect antimicrobial peptides: Potential weapons to counteract the antibiotic resistance","volume":"78","author":"Manniello","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cell. Mol. Life Sci."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1426","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.12.6.1426-1438.1975","article-title":"Insect immunity. 11. Simultaneous induction of antibacterial activity and selection synthesis of some hemolymph proteins in diapausing pupae of Hyalophora cecropia and Samia cynthia","volume":"12","author":"Faye","year":"1975","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1159\/000086648","article-title":"Antimicrobial peptides in Drosophila: Structures, activities and gene regulation","volume":"86","author":"Imler","year":"2005","journal-title":"Chem. Immunol. Allergy"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Xu, P., Shi, M., and Chen, X.-x. (2009). Antimicrobial peptide evolution in the Asiatic honey bee Apis cerana. PLoS ONE, 4.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0004239"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"356","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ygeno.2005.11.018","article-title":"Structures, regulatory regions, and inductive expression patterns of antimicrobial peptide genes in the silkworm Bombyx mori","volume":"87","author":"Cheng","year":"2006","journal-title":"Genomics"},{"key":"ref_18","first-page":"90","article-title":"Antibiotics: Classification and mechanisms of action with emphasis on molecular perspectives","volume":"4","author":"Etebu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int. J. Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. Res."},{"key":"ref_19","first-page":"3919","article-title":"The antimicrobial peptides and their potential clinical applications","volume":"11","author":"Lei","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am. J. Transl. Res."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro1098","article-title":"Antimicrobial peptides: Pore formers or metabolic inhibitors in bacteria?","volume":"3","author":"Brogden","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpc.2014.09.003","article-title":"Differentiating antimicrobial peptides interacting with lipid bilayer: Molecular signatures derived from quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation monitoring","volume":"196","author":"Wang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Biophy. Chem."},{"key":"ref_22","unstructured":"Xiao, H., Rinaldi, A., Rufo, A., Bozzi, A., Kinnunen, P., and Di Giulio, A. (2003). Structural and Charge Requirements for Antimicrobial Peptide Insertion into Biological and Model Membranes, Harwood Academic Publishers. [1st ed.]."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Thangudu, R.R., Manoharan, M., Srinivasan, N., Cadet, F., Sowdhamini, R., and Offmann, B. (2008). Analysis on conservation of disulphide bonds and their structural features in homologous protein domain families. BMC Struct. Biol., 8.","DOI":"10.1186\/1472-6807-8-55"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"652","DOI":"10.1002\/iub.1527","article-title":"Cecropin A-induced apoptosis is regulated by ion balance and glutathione antioxidant system in Candida albicans","volume":"68","author":"Yun","year":"2016","journal-title":"IUBMB Life"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1221","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.93.3.1221","article-title":"Structure-activity analysis of thanatin, a 21-residue inducible insect defense peptide with sequence homology to frog skin antimicrobial peptides","volume":"93","author":"Fehlbaum","year":"1996","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2387","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1460-2075.1989.tb08368.x","article-title":"Apidaecins: Antibacterial peptides from honeybees","volume":"8","author":"Casteels","year":"1989","journal-title":"Embo J."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"571","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1460-2075.1983.tb01465.x","article-title":"Insect immunity. Attacins, a family of antibacterial proteins from Hyalophora cecropia","volume":"2","author":"Hultmark","year":"1983","journal-title":"Embo J."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"710","DOI":"10.1038\/nri1180","article-title":"Defensins: Antimicrobial peptides of innate immunity","volume":"3","author":"Ganz","year":"2003","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"747","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ibmb.2011.05.007","article-title":"Insect natural products and processes: New treatments for human disease","volume":"41","author":"Ratcliffe","year":"2011","journal-title":"Insect Biochem. Mol. Biol."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2583","DOI":"10.1080\/23802359.2019.1640650","article-title":"Mitochondrial genome of a medicinal beetle Blaps rhynchopetera (Coleoptera, Tenebrionidae) and phylogenetic analysis","volume":"4","author":"Zhao","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mitochondrial DNA Part B"},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"469","DOI":"10.1080\/10826076.2019.1625373","article-title":"Rapid analysis of chemical composition in the active extract against \u03b1-amylase from Blaps rynchopetera fairmaire by GC-MS and in silico theoretical explanation","volume":"42","author":"Xu","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Liq. Chromatogr. Relat. Technol."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.53388\/LR20230010","article-title":"Current status and prospects of insect industrialization in China","volume":"6","author":"Zhang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Life Res."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhang, L.M., Yang, M., Zhou, S.W., Zhang, H., Feng, Y., Shi, L., Li, D.S., Lu, Q.M., Zhang, Z.H., and Zhao, M. (2023). Blapstin, a diapause-specific peptide-like peptide from the Chinese medicinal beetle Blaps rhynchopetera, has antifungal function. Microbiol. Spectr., 11.","DOI":"10.1128\/spectrum.03089-22"},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"921","DOI":"10.1038\/s41587-022-01226-0","article-title":"Identification of antimicrobial peptides from the human gut microbiome using deep learning","volume":"40","author":"Ma","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat. Biotechnol."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"442","DOI":"10.1021\/acsinfecdis.6b00045","article-title":"Contribution of amphipathicity and hydrophobicity to the antimicrobial activity and cytotoxicity of \u03b2-hairpin peptides","volume":"2","author":"Edwards","year":"2016","journal-title":"ACS Infect."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0282(1998)47:6<465::AID-BIP5>3.0.CO;2-#","article-title":"Cysteine-rich antimicrobial peptides in invertebrates","volume":"47","author":"Dimarcq","year":"1998","journal-title":"Biopolymers"},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4085","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M002998200","article-title":"Insect immunity. Constitutive expression of a cysteine-rich antifungal and a linear antibacterial peptide in a termite insect","volume":"276","author":"Lamberty","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11995","DOI":"10.1021\/bi0103563","article-title":"Solution structures of the antifungal heliomicin and a selected variant with both antibacterial and antifungal activities","volume":"40","author":"Lamberty","year":"2001","journal-title":"Biochemistry"},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gene.2006.03.017","article-title":"Functional divergence of six isoforms of antifungal peptide Drosomycin in Drosophila melanogaster","volume":"379","author":"Yang","year":"2006","journal-title":"Gene"},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2010.03.024","article-title":"A defensin antimicrobial peptide from the venoms of Nasonia vitripennis","volume":"56","author":"Ye","year":"2010","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"136284","DOI":"10.1155\/2009\/136284","article-title":"Isolation and characterization of a defensin-like peptide (coprisin) from the dung beetle, Copris tripartitus","volume":"2009","author":"Hwang","year":"2009","journal-title":"Int. J. Pept."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.1016\/S0969-2126(01)00177-0","article-title":"Refined three-dimensional solution structure of insect defensin A","volume":"3","author":"Cornet","year":"1995","journal-title":"Structure"},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7140","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.72.12.7140-7146.2004","article-title":"Characterization of a defensin from the sand fly Phlebotomus duboscqi induced by challenge with bacteria or the protozoan parasite Leishmania major","volume":"72","author":"Boulanger","year":"2004","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1002\/arch.10091","article-title":"Cloning and expression of gallerimycin, an antifungal peptide expressed in immune response of greater wax moth larvae, Galleria mellonella","volume":"53","author":"Schuhmann","year":"2003","journal-title":"Arch. Insect. Biochem. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"790","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007485316000596","article-title":"An anionic defensin from Plutella xylostella with potential activity against Bacillus thuringiensis","volume":"106","author":"Freed","year":"2016","journal-title":"Bull. Entomol. Res."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e02551-23","DOI":"10.1128\/spectrum.02551-23","article-title":"Antimicrobial peptide LL-37 disrupts plasma membrane and calcium homeostasis in Candida albicans via the Rim101 pathway","volume":"11","author":"Chen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Microbiol. Spectrum."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"727","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedinformatics2040049","article-title":"Artificial Intelligence: The milestone in modern biomedical research","volume":"2","author":"Athanasopoulou","year":"2022","journal-title":"BioMedInformatics"},{"key":"ref_48","unstructured":"Bhardwaj, K.K., Banyal, S., and Sharma, D.K. (2019). Internet of Things in Biomedical Engineering, Academic Press."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1245","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2019.07.016","article-title":"Large-scale analyses of human microbiomes reveal thousands of small, novel genes","volume":"178","author":"Sberro","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2019.08.048","article-title":"Distinct gut metagenomics and metaproteomics signatures in prediabetics and treatment-na\u00efve type 2 diabetics","volume":"47","author":"Zhong","year":"2019","journal-title":"EBioMedicine"},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1148","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btm068","article-title":"AMPer: A database and an automated discovery tool for antimicrobial peptides","volume":"23","author":"Fjell","year":"2007","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhao, X., Wu, H., Lu, H., Li, G., and Huang, Q. (2013). LAMP: A database linking antimicrobial peptides. PLoS ONE, 8.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0066557"},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-3659(99)00042-5","article-title":"Optimizing oral absorption of peptides using prodrug strategies","volume":"62","author":"Borchardt","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Control. Release"},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"583","DOI":"10.1021\/bc00030a014","article-title":"Molecular characterization of surface topology in protein tertiary structures by amino-acylation and mass spectrometric peptide mapping","volume":"5","author":"Glocker","year":"1994","journal-title":"Bioconjugate Chem."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3940","DOI":"10.1039\/C6GC00938G","article-title":"Selective catalytic Hofmann N-alkylation of poor nucleophilic amines and amides with catalytic amounts of alkyl halides","volume":"18","author":"Xu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Green. Chem."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"786","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.chemrev.5b00292","article-title":"Synthesis of side-chain modified polypeptides","volume":"116","author":"Deming","year":"2016","journal-title":"Chem. Rev."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S3","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2011.11.001","article-title":"Antifungal drug resistance: Mechanisms, epidemiology, and consequences for treatment","volume":"125","author":"Pfaller","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hagiwara, D., Watanabe, A., Kamei, K., and Goldman, G.H. (2016). Epidemiological and genomic landscape of azole resistance mechanisms in Aspergillus fungi. Front. Microbiol., 7.","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2016.01382"},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2014.00143","article-title":"Multidrug resistance in fungi: Regulation of transporter-encoding gene expression","volume":"5","author":"Paul","year":"2014","journal-title":"Front. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1019","DOI":"10.1002\/bies.950191112","article-title":"Antimicrobial peptide defense in Drosophila","volume":"19","author":"Meister","year":"1997","journal-title":"Bioessays"},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4505","DOI":"10.1242\/jcs.049155","article-title":"Toll-dependent antimicrobial responses in Drosophila larval fat body require Sp\u00e4tzle secreted by haemocytes","volume":"122","author":"Shia","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Cell Sci."},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2377","DOI":"10.2174\/138161209788682325","article-title":"The roles of antimicrobial peptides in innate host defense","volume":"15","author":"Diamond","year":"2009","journal-title":"Curr. Pharm. Des."},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1002\/bit.25003","article-title":"Design of short membrane selective antimicrobial peptides containing tryptophan and arginine residues for improved activity, salt-resistance, and biocompatibility","volume":"111","author":"Saravanan","year":"2014","journal-title":"Biotechnol. Bioeng."},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sabiiti, W., May, R.C., and Pursall, E.R. (2012). Experimental models of cryptococcosis. Int. J. Microbiol., 2012.","DOI":"10.1155\/2012\/626745"},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e00400-13","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.00400-13","article-title":"Methamphetamine enhances Cryptococcus neoformans pulmonary infection and dissemination to the brain","volume":"4","author":"Patel","year":"2013","journal-title":"mBio"},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"572","DOI":"10.1002\/bip.22250","article-title":"Peptide design for antimicrobial and immunomodulatory applications","volume":"100","author":"Haney","year":"2013","journal-title":"Biopolymers"},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e24122","DOI":"10.1002\/pep2.24122","article-title":"Antimicrobial peptides under clinical investigation","volume":"111","author":"Koo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Peptide Sci."},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"781","DOI":"10.1007\/s10822-022-00476-z","article-title":"Improved prediction and characterization of blood-brain barrier penetrating peptides using estimated propensity scores of dipeptides","volume":"36","author":"Charoenkwan","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Comput. Aided. Mol. Des."},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yang, L., Tian, Z., Zhao, W., Zhang, J., Tian, C., Zhou, L., Jiao, Z., Peng, J., and Guo, G. (2023). Novel antimicrobial peptide DvAMP serves as a promising antifungal agent against Cryptococcus neoformans. Bioorganic Chem., 138.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bioorg.2023.106679"},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Brakel, A., Grochow, T., Fritsche, S., Knappe, D., Alber, G., Hoffmann, R., and M\u00fcller, U. (2024). Evaluation of proline-rich antimicrobial peptides as potential lead structures for novel antimycotics against Cryptococcus neoformans. Front. Microbiol., 14.","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2023.1328890"},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.2147\/IDR.S344246","article-title":"In vitro antifungal activity of a novel antimicrobial peptide AMP-17 against planktonic cells and biofilms of Cryptococcus neoformans","volume":"15","author":"Yang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Infect. Drug. Resist."},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1194","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molp.2020.06.009","article-title":"TBtools: An integrative toolkit developed for interactive analyses of big biological data","volume":"13","author":"Chen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mol. Plant."},{"key":"ref_73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3172","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jcim.1c00175","article-title":"Computational methods and tools in antimicrobial peptide research","volume":"61","author":"Aronica","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Chem. Inf. Model."},{"key":"ref_74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lu, X., Yang, M., Zhou, S., Yang, S., Chen, X., Khalid, M., Wang, K., Fang, Y., Wang, C., and Lai, R. (2023). Identification and characterization of RK22, a novel antimicrobial peptide from Hirudinaria manillensis against methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 24.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms241713453"},{"key":"ref_75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e01934-17","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.01934-17","article-title":"CLSI methods development and standardization working group best practices for evaluation of antimicrobial susceptibility tests","volume":"56","author":"Humphries","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Clin. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Te Winkel, J.D., Gray, D.A., Seistrup, K.H., Hamoen, L.W., and Strahl, H. (2016). Analysis of antimicrobial-triggered membrane depolarization using voltage sensitive dyes. Front. Cell. Dev. Biol., 4.","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2016.00029"},{"key":"ref_77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22479","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.0c01967","article-title":"Ultra-efficient antibacterial system based on photodynamic therapy and CO gas therapy for synergistic antibacterial and ablation biofilms","volume":"12","author":"Ma","year":"2020","journal-title":"ACS. Appl. Mater. Interfaces"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Molecular Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1422-0067\/25\/10\/5336\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T14:41:56Z","timestamp":1760107316000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1422-0067\/25\/10\/5336"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,14]]},"references-count":77,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5]]}},"alternative-id":["ijms25105336"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms25105336","relation":{},"ISSN":["1422-0067"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1422-0067","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,14]]}}}