{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T01:04:57Z","timestamp":1760144697280,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,17]],"date-time":"2024-05-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1715904000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Periodontal diseases, including gingivitis and periodontitis, are among the most prevalent diseases in humans. Gingivitis is the mildest form of periodontal disease, characterized by inflammation of the gingiva caused by the accumulation of dental plaque. Salivary diagnostics are becoming increasingly popular due to the variation in saliva composition in response to pathological processes. We used a metabolomics approach to investigate whether a specific saliva metabolic composition could indicate preclinical stage of gingivitis. 1H-NMR spectroscopy was used to obtain the salivary metabolite profiles of 20 healthy subjects. Univariate\/multivariate statistical analysis evaluated the whole saliva metabolite composition, and the Full-Mouth Bleeding Score (FMBS) was employed as a classification parameter. Identifying a signature of specific salivary metabolites could distinguish the subjects with high FMBS scores but still within the normal range. This set of metabolites may be due to the enzymatic activities of oral bacteria and be associated with the early stages of gingival inflammation. Although this analysis is to be considered exploratory, it seems feasible to establish an FMBS threshold that distinguishes between the absence and presence of early inflammatory alterations at the salivary level.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25105448","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,17]],"date-time":"2024-05-17T04:26:29Z","timestamp":1715919989000},"page":"5448","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["The Association between Salivary Metabolites and Gingival Bleeding Score in Healthy Subjects: A Pilot Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"25","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2149-4380","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rita","family":"Antonelli","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine and Surgery, Centro Universitario di Odontoiatria, University of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elena","family":"Ferrari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Biochemistry and Metabolomics, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, 43125 Parma, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0022-4499","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mariana","family":"Gallo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Biochemistry and Metabolomics, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, 43125 Parma, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6499-2545","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tecla","family":"Ciociola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Microbiology and Virology, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, 43125 Parma, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elena","family":"Calciolari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine and Surgery, Centro Universitario di Odontoiatria, University of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy"},{"name":"Center for Oral Clinical Research, Institute of Dentistry, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alberto","family":"Spisni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Biochemistry and Metabolomics, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, 43125 Parma, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marco","family":"Meleti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine and Surgery, Centro Universitario di Odontoiatria, University of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3065-6567","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thelma A.","family":"Pertinhez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Biochemistry and Metabolomics, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, 43125 Parma, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Gasner, N.S., and Schure, R.S. 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