{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,23]],"date-time":"2026-04-23T16:44:43Z","timestamp":1776962683452,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,20]],"date-time":"2024-05-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1716163200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006095","name":"South East Norway Health Authority and Oslo University Hospital, Ullevaal","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["52009\/8029"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["52009\/8029"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006095","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006095","name":"South East Norway Health Authority and Oslo University Hospital, Ullevaal","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["LSHM-CT-2003-502941"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LSHM-CT-2003-502941"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006095","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100011103","name":"The 6th EU Framework Program","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["52009\/8029"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["52009\/8029"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100011103","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100011103","name":"The 6th EU Framework Program","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["LSHM-CT-2003-502941"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LSHM-CT-2003-502941"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100011103","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Legat til Forskning, Lovisenberg Diaconal Hospital","award":["52009\/8029"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["52009\/8029"]}]},{"name":"Legat til Forskning, Lovisenberg Diaconal Hospital","award":["LSHM-CT-2003-502941"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LSHM-CT-2003-502941"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Epidemiological evidence suggests existing comorbidity between postmenopausal osteoporosis (OP) and cardiovascular disease (CVD), but identification of possible shared genes is lacking. The skeletal global transcriptomes were analyzed in trans-iliac bone biopsies (n = 84) from clinically well-characterized postmenopausal women (50 to 86 years) without clinical CVD using microchips and RNA sequencing. One thousand transcripts highly correlated with areal bone mineral density (aBMD) were further analyzed using bioinformatics, and common genes overlapping with CVD and associated biological mechanisms, pathways and functions were identified. Fifty genes (45 mRNAs, 5 miRNAs) were discovered with established roles in oxidative stress, inflammatory response, endothelial function, fibrosis, dyslipidemia and osteoblastogenesis\/calcification. These pleiotropic genes with possible CVD comorbidity functions were also present in transcriptomes of microvascular endothelial cells and cardiomyocytes and were differentially expressed between healthy and osteoporotic women with fragility fractures. The results were supported by a genetic pleiotropy-informed conditional False Discovery Rate approach identifying any overlap in single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within several genes encoding aBMD- and CVD-associated transcripts. The study provides transcriptional and genomic evidence for genes of importance for both BMD regulation and CVD risk in a large collection of postmenopausal bone biopsies. Most of the transcripts identified in the CVD risk categories have no previously recognized roles in OP pathogenesis and provide novel avenues for exploring the mechanistic basis for the biological association between CVD and OP.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25105554","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,20]],"date-time":"2024-05-20T08:20:31Z","timestamp":1716193231000},"page":"5554","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Identification of Transcripts with Shared Roles in the Pathogenesis of Postmenopausal Osteoporosis and Cardiovascular Disease"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"25","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4330-5379","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sjur","family":"Reppe","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Biochemistry, Oslo University Hospital, 0450 Oslo, Norway"},{"name":"Unger-Vetlesen Institute, Lovisenberg Diaconal Hospital, 0440 Oslo, Norway"},{"name":"Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Oslo University Hospital, 0424 Oslo, Norway"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sveinung","family":"Gundersen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Bioinformatics, Department of Informatics, University of Oslo, 0313 Oslo, Norway"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Geir K.","family":"Sandve","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Informatics, University of Oslo, 0373 Oslo, Norway"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yunpeng","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NORMENT, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, 0450 Oslo, Norway"},{"name":"Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, 0424 Oslo, Norway"},{"name":"Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4461-3568","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ole A.","family":"Andreassen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NORMENT, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, 0450 Oslo, Norway"},{"name":"Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, 0424 Oslo, Norway"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7999-5538","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carolina","family":"Medina-Gomez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fernando","family":"Rivadeneira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tor P.","family":"Utheim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Biochemistry, Oslo University Hospital, 0450 Oslo, Norway"},{"name":"Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Oslo University Hospital, 0424 Oslo, Norway"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9103-1077","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eivind","family":"Hovig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Informatics, University of Oslo, 0373 Oslo, Norway"},{"name":"Department of Tumor Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, 0424 Oslo, Norway"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3458-6113","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kaare M.","family":"Gautvik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unger-Vetlesen Institute, Lovisenberg Diaconal Hospital, 0440 Oslo, Norway"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1007\/s11657-011-0060-1","article-title":"Osteoporosis: Burden, health care provision and opportunities in the EU: A report prepared in collaboration with the International Osteoporosis Foundation (IOF) and the European Federation of Pharmaceutical Industry Associations (EFPIA)","volume":"6","author":"Strom","year":"2011","journal-title":"Arch. Osteoporos."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1007727924276","article-title":"Cardiovascular disease in developing countries: Myths, realities, and opportunities","volume":"13","author":"Pearson","year":"1999","journal-title":"Cardiovasc. Drugs Ther."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1912","DOI":"10.1359\/JBMR.050711","article-title":"Relationship between osteoporosis and cardiovascular disease in postmenopausal women","volume":"20","author":"Tanko","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Bone Miner. Res."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9343(99)00028-5","article-title":"The association between low bone mass at the menopause and cardiovascular mortality","volume":"106","author":"Hansen","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"378","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2017-212469","article-title":"Identification of a novel locus on chromosome 2q13, which predisposes to clinical vertebral fractures independently of bone density","volume":"77","author":"Alonso","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ann. Rheum. Dis."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Reppe, S., Wang, Y., Thompson, W.K., McEvoy, L.K., Schork, A.J., Zuber, V., LeBlanc, M., Bettella, F., Mills, I.G., and Desikan, R.S. (2015). Genetic Sharing with Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors and Diabetes Reveals Novel Bone Mineral Density Loci. PLoS ONE, 10.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0144531"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1097\/MOL.0000000000000158","article-title":"Identifying functional noncoding variants from genome-wide association studies for cardiovascular disease and related traits","volume":"26","author":"Smith","year":"2015","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Lipidol."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"680","DOI":"10.1161\/01.ATV.17.4.680","article-title":"Lipid oxidation products have opposite effects on calcifying vascular cell and bone cell differentiation. A possible explanation for the paradox of arterial calcification in osteoporotic patients","volume":"17","author":"Parhami","year":"1997","journal-title":"Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11201","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1932554100","article-title":"Calcification in atherosclerosis: Bone biology and chronic inflammation at the arterial crossroads","volume":"100","author":"Doherty","year":"2003","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1926","DOI":"10.1161\/01.ATV.20.8.1926","article-title":"Progression of aortic calcification is associated with metacarpal bone loss during menopause: A population-based longitudinal study","volume":"20","author":"Hak","year":"2000","journal-title":"Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"587","DOI":"10.1038\/nrrheum.2012.120","article-title":"Osteoporosis\u2014A risk factor for cardiovascular disease?","volume":"8","author":"Lampropoulos","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Rheumatol."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yang, S., Zeng, Z., Yuan, Q., Chen, Q., Wang, Z., Xie, H., and Liu, J. (2023). Vascular calcification: From the perspective of crosstalk. Mol. Biomed., 4.","DOI":"10.1186\/s43556-023-00146-y"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhivodernikov, I.V., Kirichenko, T.V., Markina, Y.V., Postnov, A.Y., and Markin, A.M. (2023). Molecular and Cellular Mechanisms of Osteoporosis. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 24.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms242115772"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1186\/s41232-016-0016-3","article-title":"RANKL system in vascular and valve calcification with aging","volume":"36","author":"Kawakami","year":"2016","journal-title":"Inflamm. Regen."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1016\/j.abb.2008.03.018","article-title":"Functions of RANKL\/RANK\/OPG in bone modeling and remodeling","volume":"473","author":"Boyce","year":"2008","journal-title":"Arch. Biochem. Biophys."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1781","DOI":"10.1002\/art.42538","article-title":"Lowering of Circulating Sclerostin May Increase Risk of Atherosclerosis and its Risk Factors: Evidence From a Genome-Wide Association Meta-Analysis Followed by Mendelian Randomization","volume":"75","author":"Zheng","year":"2023","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheumatol."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1210\/js.2016-1040","article-title":"Association of Circulating Wnt Antagonists With Severe Abdominal Aortic Calcification in Elderly Women","volume":"1","author":"Touw","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Endocr. Soc."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.2342","article-title":"Methylation of bone SOST, its mRNA, and serum sclerostin levels correlate strongly with fracture risk in postmenopausal women","volume":"30","author":"Reppe","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Bone Miner. Res."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"604","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bone.2009.11.007","article-title":"Eight genes are highly associated with BMD variation in postmenopausal Caucasian women","volume":"46","author":"Reppe","year":"2010","journal-title":"Bone"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1278","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1136370","article-title":"LRP6 mutation in a family with early coronary disease and metabolic risk factors","volume":"315","author":"Mani","year":"2007","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkn923","article-title":"Bioinformatics enrichment tools: Paths toward the comprehensive functional analysis of large gene lists","volume":"37","author":"Huang","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1038\/nprot.2008.211","article-title":"Systematic and integrative analysis of large gene lists using DAVID bioinformatics resources","volume":"4","author":"Huang","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nat. Protoc."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sandve, G.K., Gundersen, S., Rydbeck, H., Glad, I.K., Holden, L., Holden, M., Liestol, K., Clancy, T., Drablos, F., and Ferkingstad, E. (2011). The differential disease regulome. BMC Genom., 12.","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2164-12-353"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1793","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.396","article-title":"Molecular disease map of bone characterizing the postmenopausal osteoporosis phenotype","volume":"26","author":"Jemtland","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Bone Miner. Res."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nolze, A., Matern, S., and Grossmann, C. (2023). Calcineurin Is a Universal Regulator of Vessel Function-Focus on Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells. Cells, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/cells12182269"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1038\/nri2974","article-title":"The outs and the ins of sphingosine-1-phosphate in immunity","volume":"11","author":"Spiegel","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2329","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20061297","article-title":"Essential roles of DC-derived IL-15 as a mediator of inflammatory responses in vivo","volume":"203","author":"Ohteki","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3023","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0712313105","article-title":"NEMO recognition of ubiquitinated Bcl10 is required for T cell receptor-mediated NF-kappaB activation","volume":"105","author":"Wu","year":"2008","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2147","DOI":"10.1161\/ATVBAHA.117.309574","article-title":"ABCA8 Regulates Cholesterol Efflux and High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Levels","volume":"37","author":"Torta","year":"2017","journal-title":"Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1007\/s13238-014-0030-7","article-title":"Inputs and outputs of insulin receptor","volume":"5","author":"Du","year":"2014","journal-title":"Protein Cell"},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1055","DOI":"10.1093\/cvr\/cvx097","article-title":"The role of mineralocorticoid receptor signaling in the cross-talk between adipose tissue and the vascular wall","volume":"113","author":"Jia","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cardiovasc. Res."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"925923","DOI":"10.3389\/fcvm.2022.925923","article-title":"Mechanisms of Oxidized LDL-Mediated Endothelial Dysfunction and Its Consequences for the Development of Atherosclerosis","volume":"9","author":"Jiang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Cardiovasc. Med."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"910580","DOI":"10.3389\/fcvm.2022.910580","article-title":"Senescence in Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells and Atherosclerosis","volume":"9","author":"Zha","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Cardiovasc. Med."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1007\/s00439-019-02060-2","article-title":"Discovery of shared genomic loci using the conditional false discovery rate approach","volume":"139","author":"Smeland","year":"2020","journal-title":"Hum. Genet."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"W460-6","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkv403","article-title":"DIANA-miRPath v3.0: Deciphering microRNA function with experimental support","volume":"43","author":"Vlachos","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6062","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0400782101","article-title":"A gene atlas of the mouse and human protein-encoding transcriptomes","volume":"101","author":"Su","year":"2004","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2015.05.023","article-title":"Wnt signaling in atherosclerosis","volume":"763","author":"Hermans","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"577","DOI":"10.1136\/jcp.2007.048868","article-title":"The cell biology of bone metabolism","volume":"61","author":"Datta","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Clin. Pathol."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1126\/science.289.5476.119","article-title":"Activating mineralocorticoid receptor mutation in hypertension exacerbated by pregnancy","volume":"289","author":"Geller","year":"2000","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1093\/cvr\/cvq410","article-title":"Phosphodiesterase-5A (PDE5A) is localized to the endothelial caveolae and modulates NOS3 activity","volume":"90","author":"Gebska","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cardiovasc. Res."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"406","DOI":"10.1007\/s001980170110","article-title":"Genetic variation in bone mineral density and calcaneal ultrasound: A study of the influence of menopause using female twins","volume":"12","author":"Hunter","year":"2001","journal-title":"Osteoporos. Int."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"530","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.5650110414","article-title":"The heritability of bone mineral density, ultrasound of the calcaneus and hip axis length: A study of postmenopausal twins","volume":"11","author":"Arden","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Bone Miner. Res."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.1038\/s41588-018-0302-x","article-title":"An atlas of genetic influences on osteoporosis in humans and mice","volume":"51","author":"Morris","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Genet."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.2007.59","article-title":"ITPKC functional polymorphism associated with Kawasaki disease susceptibility and formation of coronary artery aneurysms","volume":"40","author":"Onouchi","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nat. Genet."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"771","DOI":"10.1016\/j.devcel.2006.04.006","article-title":"Calcineurin\/NFAT signaling in osteoblasts regulates bone mass","volume":"10","author":"Winslow","year":"2006","journal-title":"Dev. Cell"},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"950030","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2022.950030","article-title":"Integrated Bioinformatic Analysis of the Shared Molecular Mechanisms Between Osteoporosis and Atherosclerosis","volume":"13","author":"Mo","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Endocrinol."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"991","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00044.2008","article-title":"Transglutaminases and disease: Lessons from genetically engineered mouse models and inherited disorders","volume":"89","author":"Iismaa","year":"2009","journal-title":"Physiol. Rev."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.120.15352","article-title":"Transglutaminase 2 Inhibitor LDN 27219 Age-Dependently Lowers Blood Pressure and Improves Endothelium-Dependent Vasodilation in Resistance Arteries","volume":"77","author":"Pinilla","year":"2021","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.119.13450","article-title":"Cardiovascular Effects of Pharmacological Targeting of Sphingosine Kinase 1","volume":"75","author":"Jozefczuk","year":"2020","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1314","DOI":"10.1038\/s41588-020-00713-x","article-title":"Discovery of rare variants associated with blood pressure regulation through meta-analysis of 1.3 million individuals","volume":"52","author":"Surendran","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Genet."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"H845","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.00576.2023","article-title":"The heart-bone connection: Relationships between myocardial infarction and osteoporotic fracture","volume":"326","author":"Tjandra","year":"2024","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1007\/s00223-021-00924-2","article-title":"Role of the Microbiome in Regulating Bone Metabolism and Susceptibility to Osteoporosis","volume":"110","author":"Cronin","year":"2022","journal-title":"Calcif. Tissue Int."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2295","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/kez302","article-title":"Gut microbiota alterations associated with reduced bone mineral density in older adults","volume":"58","author":"Das","year":"2019","journal-title":"Rheumatology"},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cherny, S.S., Freidin, M.B., Williams, F.M.K., and Livshits, G. (2019). The analysis of causal relationships between blood lipid levels and BMD. PLoS ONE, 14.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0212464"},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1759720X20929443","DOI":"10.1177\/1759720X20929443","article-title":"Postmenopausal osteoporosis is a musculoskeletal disease with a common genetic trait which responds to strength training: A translational intervention study","volume":"12","author":"Olstad","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ther. Adv. Musculoskelet. Dis."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1186\/s11556-022-00304-1","article-title":"Heavy-load exercise in older adults activates vasculogenesis and has a stronger impact on muscle gene expression than in young adults","volume":"19","author":"Gautvik","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur. Rev. Aging Phys. Act."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"682","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.1.5541.682-a","article-title":"Trephine for full-thickness iliac-crest biopsy","volume":"1","author":"Buyers","year":"1967","journal-title":"Br. Med. J."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2582","DOI":"10.1038\/emboj.2011.173","article-title":"Epigenetically coordinated GATA2 binding is necessary for endothelium-specific endomucin expression","volume":"30","author":"Kanki","year":"2011","journal-title":"EMBO J."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1065","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.3974","article-title":"Distinct Subsets of Noncoding RNAs Are Strongly Associated With BMD and Fracture, Studied in Weight-Bearing and Non-Weight-Bearing Human Bone","volume":"35","author":"Gautvik","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Bone Miner. Res."}],"container-title":["International Journal of Molecular Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1422-0067\/25\/10\/5554\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T14:45:04Z","timestamp":1760107504000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1422-0067\/25\/10\/5554"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,20]]},"references-count":59,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5]]}},"alternative-id":["ijms25105554"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms25105554","relation":{},"ISSN":["1422-0067"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1422-0067","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,20]]}}}