{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,7]],"date-time":"2026-09-07T15:55:38Z","timestamp":1788796538922,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,20]],"date-time":"2024-05-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1716163200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Science and Technology Council","award":["NSTC 112-2314-B-016-046-MY2"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NSTC 112-2314-B-016-046-MY2"]}]},{"name":"National Science and Technology Council","award":["NSTC 112-2320-B-016-002-MY3"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NSTC 112-2320-B-016-002-MY3"]}]},{"name":"National Science and Technology Council","award":["MND-MAB-D-112073"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MND-MAB-D-112073"]}]},{"name":"National Science and Technology Council","award":["CHNDMC-112-12"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CHNDMC-112-12"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100019000","name":"Ministry of National Defense-Medical Affairs Bureau","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NSTC 112-2314-B-016-046-MY2"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NSTC 112-2314-B-016-046-MY2"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100019000","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100019000","name":"Ministry of National Defense-Medical Affairs Bureau","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NSTC 112-2320-B-016-002-MY3"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NSTC 112-2320-B-016-002-MY3"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100019000","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100019000","name":"Ministry of National Defense-Medical Affairs Bureau","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MND-MAB-D-112073"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MND-MAB-D-112073"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100019000","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100019000","name":"Ministry of National Defense-Medical Affairs Bureau","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CHNDMC-112-12"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CHNDMC-112-12"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100019000","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Cheng Hsin General Hospital","award":["NSTC 112-2314-B-016-046-MY2"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NSTC 112-2314-B-016-046-MY2"]}]},{"name":"Cheng Hsin General Hospital","award":["NSTC 112-2320-B-016-002-MY3"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NSTC 112-2320-B-016-002-MY3"]}]},{"name":"Cheng Hsin General Hospital","award":["MND-MAB-D-112073"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MND-MAB-D-112073"]}]},{"name":"Cheng Hsin General Hospital","award":["CHNDMC-112-12"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CHNDMC-112-12"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Bladder cancer (BC) is a malignant tumor of the urinary system with high mortality and recurrence rates. Proteasome subunit type 4 (PSMB4) is highly expressed and has been identified as having oncogenic properties in a variety of cancer types. This study aimed to explore the effect of PSMB4 knockdown on the survival, migration, and angiogenesis of human bladder cancer cells with different degrees of malignancy. We analyzed the effects of PSMB4 knockdown in bladder cancer cells and endothelial cells in the tumor microenvironment. PSMB4 was highly expressed in patients with low- and high-grade urothelial carcinoma. Inhibition of PSMB4 reduced protein expression of focal adhesion kinase (FAK) and myosin light chain (MLC), leading to reduced migration. Furthermore, the suppression of PSMB4 decreased the levels of vascular endothelial factor B (VEGF-B), resulting in lower angiogenic abilities in human bladder cancer cells. PSMB4 inhibition affected the migratory ability of HUVECs and reduced VEGFR2 expression, consequently downregulating angiogenesis. In the metastatic animal model, PSMB4 knockdown reduced the relative volumes of lung tumors. Our findings suggest the role of PSMB4 as a potential target for therapeutic strategies against human bladder cancer.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25105559","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,20]],"date-time":"2024-05-20T08:20:31Z","timestamp":1716193231000},"page":"5559","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["The Reduction of PSMB4 in T24 and J82 Bladder Cancer Cells Inhibits the Angiogenesis and Migration of Endothelial Cells"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Yi-Hsuan","family":"Lin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology and Anatomy, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tzu-Min","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology and Anatomy, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6229-8189","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yu-Ling","family":"Tsai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1085-9014","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wen-Chiuan","family":"Tsai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hisao-Hsien","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, Cheng Hsin General Hospital, Taipei 11490, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6303-5858","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ying","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology and Anatomy, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sheng-Tang","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e30217","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000030217","article-title":"Using Sankey diagrams to explore the trend of article citations in the field of bladder cancer: Research achievements in China higher than those in the United States","volume":"101","author":"Lee","year":"2022","journal-title":"Medicine"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.21708","article-title":"Cancer statistics, 2022","volume":"72","author":"Siegel","year":"2022","journal-title":"CA Cancer J. 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