{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T06:13:13Z","timestamp":1791267193952,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":97,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,21]],"date-time":"2024-05-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1716249600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010425","name":"Teh-Tzer Study Group for Human Medical Research Foundation, the Tri-Service General Hospital","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["TSGH_E_113270"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["TSGH_E_113270"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010425","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010425","name":"Teh-Tzer Study Group for Human Medical Research Foundation, the Tri-Service General Hospital","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MND-MAB-D-113084"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MND-MAB-D-113084"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010425","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Ministry of National Defense Medical Affairs Bureau","award":["TSGH_E_113270"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["TSGH_E_113270"]}]},{"name":"Ministry of National Defense Medical Affairs Bureau","award":["MND-MAB-D-113084"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MND-MAB-D-113084"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Glaucoma is a chronic neurodegenerative disease that poses a significant threat of irreversible blindness worldwide. Current treatments for glaucoma focus on reducing intraocular pressure (IOP), which is the only modifiable risk factor. Traditional anti-glaucomatous agents, including carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, beta-blockers, alpha-2 agonists, and prostaglandin analogs, work by either improving uveoscleral outflow or reducing aqueous humor production. Rho kinase (ROCK) inhibitors represent a novel class of anti-glaucomatous drugs that have emerged from bench to bedside in the past decade, offering multifunctional characteristics. Unlike conventional medications, ROCK inhibitors directly target the trabecular meshwork outflow pathway. This review aims to discuss the mechanism of ROCK inhibitors in reducing IOP, providing neuroprotection, and preventing fibrosis. We also highlight recent studies and clinical trials evaluating the efficacy and safety of ROCK inhibitors, compare them with other clinical anti-glaucomatous medications, and outline future prospects for ROCK inhibitors in glaucoma treatment.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25115576","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,21]],"date-time":"2024-05-21T03:26:27Z","timestamp":1716261987000},"page":"5576","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["The Application of Rho Kinase Inhibitors in the Management of Glaucoma"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Li-Ching","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yi-Hao","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Da-Wen","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"979","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2011.11.003","article-title":"Glaucoma 2.0: Neuroprotection, neuroregeneration, neuroenhancement","volume":"119","author":"Chang","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2081","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2014.05.013","article-title":"Global prevalence of glaucoma and projections of glaucoma burden through 2040: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"121","author":"Tham","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"ref_3","first-page":"e11686","article-title":"Epidemiology of Glaucoma: The Past, Present, and Predictions for the Future","volume":"12","author":"Allison","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1089\/jop.2013.0179","article-title":"Effects of prostaglandin analogues on aqueous humor outflow pathways","volume":"30","author":"Winkler","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. 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