{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T21:11:58Z","timestamp":1782940318661,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":108,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,22]],"date-time":"2024-05-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1716336000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000024","name":"Canadian Institutes of Health and Research (CIHR)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["165822"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["165822"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000024","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Fonds de recherche Qu\u00e9bec-Sant\u00e9 (FRQS)","award":["165822"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["165822"]}]},{"name":"Fonds d\u2019enseignement et de Recherche (FER) of the Facult\u00e9 de Pharmacie of Universit\u00e9 Laval","award":["165822"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["165822"]}]},{"name":"Fondation du CHU de Qu\u00e9bec-Universit\u00e9 Laval","award":["165822"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["165822"]}]},{"name":"FRQS","award":["165822"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["165822"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Plaque psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory skin disease causing red inflamed lesions covered by scales. Leukocytes, including dendritic cells and T cells, participate in the inflammation of the skin by producing multiple cytokines, thus contributing to the hyperproliferation of keratinocytes. Lack of effectiveness and toxic side effects are the main concerns with conventional treatments, and research involving new antipsoriatic molecules is essential. In this study, the anti-inflammatory and antiproliferative effects of two natural polyphenols, phloretin and balsacone C, were investigated using the coculture of T cells and psoriatic keratinocytes. Phloretin exerted antiproliferative activity by regulating the expression of antigen Ki67 and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA). These effects were comparable to those of methotrexate, a reference treatment for moderate to severe psoriasis. With balsacone C, the expression of Ki67 was also reduced. Additionally, phloretin decreased the levels of multiple pro-inflammatory cytokines: monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1\/CCL2), macrophage inflammatory protein-1\u03b1 (MIP-1\u03b1), granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF), granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), interleukin-1 alpha (IL-1\u03b1), interleukin-1 beta (IL-1\u03b2), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-17A (IL-17A), and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-\u03b1). The increased interleukin-2 (IL-2) levels with phloretin and methotrexate also represented anti-inflammatory activity. Balsacone C and methotrexate decreased the levels of IL-1\u03b1 and IL-1\u03b2, but methotrexate exerted a higher reduction. In summary, the anti-inflammatory effects of phloretin were more pronounced than those of methotrexate and balsacone C. In addition, the expression of lymphocyte common antigen (CD45) was more similar to that of the healthy condition after using phloretin or methotrexate. Finally, phloretin stood out from the other compounds and appears promising for psoriasis treatment.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25115639","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,22]],"date-time":"2024-05-22T10:00:11Z","timestamp":1716372011000},"page":"5639","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Antiproliferative and Anti-Inflammatory Effects of the Polyphenols Phloretin and Balsacone C in a Coculture of T Cells and Psoriatic Keratinocytes"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Yasmine","family":"Ruel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre de Recherche en Organog\u00e9n\u00e8se Exp\u00e9rimentale de l\u2019Universit\u00e9 Laval\/LOEX, Axe M\u00e9decine R\u00e9g\u00e9n\u00e9ratrice, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Qu\u00e9bec-Universit\u00e9 Laval, 1401 18e Rue, Quebec City, QC G1J 2Z4, Canada"},{"name":"Facult\u00e9 de Pharmacie, Universit\u00e9 Laval, 1050 avenue de la M\u00e9decine, Quebec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1451-9730","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fatma","family":"Moawad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Facult\u00e9 de pharmacie, Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al, 2940, chemin de la Polytechnique, Montreal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J\u00e9r\u00f4me","family":"Alsarraf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire d\u2019Analyse et de S\u00e9paration des Essences V\u00e9g\u00e9tales (LASEVE), Centre de Recherche sur la bor\u00e9alie (CREB), D\u00e9partement des Sciences Fondamentales, Universit\u00e9 du Qu\u00e9bec \u00e0 Chicoutimi, 555 boulevard de l\u2019Universit\u00e9, Chicoutimi, QC G7H 2B1, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andr\u00e9","family":"Pichette","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire d\u2019Analyse et de S\u00e9paration des Essences V\u00e9g\u00e9tales (LASEVE), Centre de Recherche sur la bor\u00e9alie (CREB), D\u00e9partement des Sciences Fondamentales, Universit\u00e9 du Qu\u00e9bec \u00e0 Chicoutimi, 555 boulevard de l\u2019Universit\u00e9, Chicoutimi, QC G7H 2B1, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jean","family":"Legault","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire d\u2019Analyse et de S\u00e9paration des Essences V\u00e9g\u00e9tales (LASEVE), Centre de Recherche sur la bor\u00e9alie (CREB), D\u00e9partement des Sciences Fondamentales, Universit\u00e9 du Qu\u00e9bec \u00e0 Chicoutimi, 555 boulevard de l\u2019Universit\u00e9, Chicoutimi, QC G7H 2B1, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Davide","family":"Brambilla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Facult\u00e9 de pharmacie, Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al, 2940, chemin de la Polytechnique, Montreal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2423-9599","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Roxane","family":"Pouliot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre de Recherche en Organog\u00e9n\u00e8se Exp\u00e9rimentale de l\u2019Universit\u00e9 Laval\/LOEX, Axe M\u00e9decine R\u00e9g\u00e9n\u00e9ratrice, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Qu\u00e9bec-Universit\u00e9 Laval, 1401 18e Rue, Quebec City, QC G1J 2Z4, Canada"},{"name":"Facult\u00e9 de Pharmacie, Universit\u00e9 Laval, 1050 avenue de la M\u00e9decine, Quebec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-pathol-011811-132448","article-title":"Psoriasis","volume":"7","author":"Perera","year":"2012","journal-title":"Annu. 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