{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,2]],"date-time":"2026-11-02T08:22:20Z","timestamp":1793607740321,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":350,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,22]],"date-time":"2024-05-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1716336000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"University of Bari Aldo Moro (Italy)","award":["HORIZON-HLTH-2022-STAYHLTH-01-05-two-stage"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HORIZON-HLTH-2022-STAYHLTH-01-05-two-stage"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/027ynra39","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Universidade De Coimbra, Portugal","award":["HORIZON-HLTH-2022-STAYHLTH-01-05-two-stage"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HORIZON-HLTH-2022-STAYHLTH-01-05-two-stage"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/04z8k9a98","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The epidemiological burden of liver steatosis associated with metabolic diseases is continuously growing worldwide and in all age classes. This condition generates possible progression of liver damage (i.e., inflammation, fibrosis, cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma) but also independently increases the risk of cardio-metabolic diseases and cancer. In recent years, the terminological evolution from \u201cnonalcoholic fatty liver disease\u201d (NAFLD) to \u201cmetabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease\u201d (MAFLD) and, finally, \u201cmetabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease\u201d (MASLD) has been paralleled by increased knowledge of mechanisms linking local (i.e., hepatic) and systemic pathogenic pathways. As a consequence, the need for an appropriate classification of individual phenotypes has been oriented to the investigation of innovative therapeutic tools. Besides the well-known role for lifestyle change, a number of pharmacological approaches have been explored, ranging from antidiabetic drugs to agonists acting on the gut\u2013liver axis and at a systemic level (mainly farnesoid X receptor (FXR) agonists, PPAR agonists, thyroid hormone receptor agonists), anti-fibrotic and anti-inflammatory agents. The intrinsically complex pathophysiological history of MASLD makes the selection of a single effective treatment a major challenge, so far. In this evolving scenario, the cooperation between different stakeholders (including subjects at risk, health professionals, and pharmaceutical industries) could significantly improve the management of disease and the implementation of primary and secondary prevention measures. The high healthcare burden associated with MASLD makes the search for new, effective, and safe drugs a major pressing need, together with an accurate characterization of individual phenotypes. Recent and promising advances indicate that we may soon enter the era of precise and personalized therapy for MASLD\/MASH.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25115640","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,22]],"date-time":"2024-05-22T10:00:11Z","timestamp":1716372011000},"page":"5640","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":151,"title":["Metabolic Dysfunction\u2013Associated Steatotic Liver Disease: From Pathogenesis to Current Therapeutic Options"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"25","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5359-1471","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Piero","family":"Portincasa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinica Medica \u201cA. 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Societ\u00e0 Agricola, 52037 Sansepolcro, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Annarita","family":"Graziani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut AllergoSan Pharmazeutische Produkte Forschungs- und Vertriebs GmbH, 8055 Graz, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gyorgy","family":"Baffy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endoscopy, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women\u2019s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA"},{"name":"Section of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA 02132, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5476-7376","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Agostino","family":"Di Ciaula","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinica Medica \u201cA. Murri\u201d, Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area (DiMePre-J), University of Bari \u201cAldo Moro\u201d, 70124 Bari, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"NCD Risk Factor Collaboration (2019). Rising rural body-mass index is the main driver of the global obesity epidemic in adults. Nature, 569, 260\u2013264.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-019-1171-x"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2017.10.020","article-title":"Obesity phenotypes and their paradoxical association with cardiovascular diseases","volume":"48","author":"Vecchie","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur. J. Intern. 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