{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T00:34:52Z","timestamp":1791938092714,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":85,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,25]],"date-time":"2024-05-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1716595200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Periodontitis, a prevalent inflammatory condition, affects the supporting structures of teeth, leading to significant oral health challenges. Traditional treatments have primarily focused on mechanical debridement, antimicrobial therapy, and surgery, which often fail to restore lost periodontal structures. Emerging as a novel approach in regenerative medicine, extracellular vesicle (EV) therapy, including exosomes, leverages nano-sized vesicles known for facilitating intercellular communication and modulating physiological and pathological processes. This study is a proof-of-concept type that evaluates the clinical efficacy of EV therapy as a non-surgical treatment for stage I\u2013III periodontitis, focusing on its anti-inflammatory and regenerative potential. The research involved seven patients undergoing the therapy, and seven healthy individuals. Clinical parameters, including the plaque index, bleeding on probing, probing depth, and attachment level, were assessed alongside cytokine levels in the gingival crevicular fluid. The study found significant improvements in clinical parameters, and a marked reduction in pro-inflammatory cytokines post-treatment, matching the levels of healthy subjects, underscoring the therapy\u2019s ability to not only attenuate inflammation and enhance tissue regeneration, but also highlighting its potential in restoring periodontal health. This investigation illuminates the promising role of EV therapy in periodontal treatment, advocating for a shift towards therapies that halt disease progression and promote structural and functional restoration of periodontal tissues.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25115753","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,27]],"date-time":"2024-05-27T10:12:27Z","timestamp":1716804747000},"page":"5753","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Clinical Efficacy of Extracellular Vesicle Therapy in Periodontitis: Reduced Inflammation and Enhanced Regeneration"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"25","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3590-1581","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Miljan","family":"Puletic","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Stomatology Pancevo, University Business Academy, 26101 Pancevo, Serbia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6870-0079","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gordana","family":"Velikic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department for Research and Development, Clinic Orto MD-Parks Hospital, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia"},{"name":"Hajim School of Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dusan M.","family":"Maric","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Stomatology Pancevo, University Business Academy, 26101 Pancevo, Serbia"},{"name":"Department for Research and Development, Clinic Orto MD-Parks Hospital, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0350-4733","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gordana","family":"Supic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Medical Research, Military Medical Academy, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia"},{"name":"Medical Faculty of Military Medical Academy, University of Defense, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7613-6631","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dusica L.","family":"Maric","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nikola","family":"Radovic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Stomatology Pancevo, University Business Academy, 26101 Pancevo, Serbia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9813-9411","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stevan","family":"Avramov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Stomatology Pancevo, University Business Academy, 26101 Pancevo, Serbia"},{"name":"Institute for Biological Research \u201cSinisa Stankovic\u201d, National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9308-3076","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Danilo","family":"Vojvodic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Medical Research, Military Medical Academy, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia"},{"name":"Medical Faculty of Military Medical Academy, University of Defense, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1016\/j.identj.2021.07.006","article-title":"Is There a Causal Link between Periodontitis and Cardiovascular Disease? 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