{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,19]],"date-time":"2025-12-19T22:12:20Z","timestamp":1766182340173,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":116,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,25]],"date-time":"2024-05-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1716595200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Lymphocyte collection by apheresis for CAR-T production usually does not include blood mobilized using granulocyte colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) due to the widespread knowledge that it causes a decrease in the number and functionality of lymphocytes. However, it is used for stem cell transplant, which is a common treatment for hematological malignancies. The growing demand for CAR therapies (CAR-T and NK-CAR), both in research and clinics, makes it necessary to evaluate whether mobilized PBSC products may be potential candidates for use in such therapies. This review collects recent works that experimentally verify the role and functionality of T and NK lymphocytes and the generation of CAR-T from apheresis after G-CSF mobilization. As discussed, T cells do not vary significantly in their phenotype, the ratio of CD4+ and CD8+ remains constant, and the different sub-populations remain stable. In addition, the expansion and proliferation rates are invariant regardless of mobilization with G-CSF as well as the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines and the cytotoxic ability. Therefore, cells mobilized before apheresis are postulated as a new alternative source of T cells for adoptive therapies that will serve to alleviate high demand, increase availability, and take advantage of the substantial number of existing cryopreserved products.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25115769","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,27]],"date-time":"2024-05-27T10:12:27Z","timestamp":1716804747000},"page":"5769","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Granulocyte Colony Stimulating Factor-Mobilized Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells: An Alternative Cellular Source for Chimeric Antigen Receptor Therapy"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"25","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-7013-9400","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Antonio","family":"Ballesteros-Ribelles","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Cell Therapy Group, Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research, 14004 C\u00f3rdoba, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3292-609X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alejandro","family":"Mill\u00e1n-L\u00f3pez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cell Therapy Group, Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research, 14004 C\u00f3rdoba, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9296-6096","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"MDolores","family":"Carmona-Luque","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cell Therapy Group, Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research, 14004 C\u00f3rdoba, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0055-2270","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Concha","family":"Herrera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cell Therapy Group, Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research, 14004 C\u00f3rdoba, Spain"},{"name":"Department of Hematology, Reina Sofia University Hospital, 14004 C\u00f3rdoba, Spain"},{"name":"Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of C\u00f3rdoba, 14004 C\u00f3rdoba, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"966","DOI":"10.20892\/j.issn.2095-3941.2020.0801","article-title":"Cellular Immunotherapy for Hematological Malignancy: Recent Progress and Future Perspectives","volume":"18","author":"Xu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cancer Biol. 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