{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]],"date-time":"2026-08-25T14:41:03Z","timestamp":1787668863095,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":97,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,26]],"date-time":"2024-05-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1716681600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Melanoma, a malignant neoplasm originating from melanocytes, stands as one of the most prevalent cancers globally, ranking fifth in terms of estimated new cases in recent years. Its aggressive nature and propensity for metastasis pose significant challenges in oncology. Recent advancements have led to a notable shift towards targeted therapies, driven by a deeper understanding of cutaneous tumor pathogenesis. Immunotherapy and tyrosine kinase inhibitors have emerged as promising strategies, demonstrating the potential to improve clinical outcomes across all disease stages, including neoadjuvant, adjuvant, and metastatic settings. Notably, there has been a groundbreaking development in the treatment of brain metastasis, historically associated with poor prognosis in oncology but showcasing impressive results in melanoma patients. This review article provides a comprehensive synthesis of the most recent knowledge on staging and prognostic factors while highlighting emerging therapeutic modalities, with a particular focus on neoadjuvant and adjuvant strategies, notably immunotherapy and targeted therapies, including the ongoing trials.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25115794","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,27]],"date-time":"2024-05-27T10:14:07Z","timestamp":1716804847000},"page":"5794","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Melanoma Management: Exploring Staging, Prognosis, and Treatment Innovations"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"25","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7570-4550","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Walid","family":"Shalata","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The Legacy Heritage Cancer Center and Larry Norton Institute, Soroka Medical Center, Beer Sheva 84105, Israel"},{"name":"Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva 84105, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-9382-611X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zoe Gabrielle","family":"Attal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical School for International Health, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva 84105, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1263-0707","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adam","family":"Solomon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical School for International Health, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva 84105, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sondos","family":"Shalata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nutrition Unit, Galilee Medical Center, Nahariya 22000, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Omar","family":"Abu Saleh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology and Venereology, The Emek Medical Centre, Afula 18341, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lena","family":"Tourkey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Legacy Heritage Cancer Center and Larry Norton Institute, Soroka Medical Center, Beer Sheva 84105, Israel"},{"name":"Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva 84105, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fahed","family":"Abu Salamah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva 84105, Israel"},{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Soroka Medical Center, Beer Sheva 84105, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ibrahim","family":"Alatawneh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva 84105, Israel"},{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Soroka Medical Center, Beer Sheva 84105, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexander","family":"Yakobson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Legacy Heritage Cancer Center and Larry Norton Institute, Soroka Medical Center, Beer Sheva 84105, Israel"},{"name":"Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva 84105, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(23)00821-8","article-title":"Cutaneous melanoma","volume":"402","author":"Long","year":"2023","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"948","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2022.24888","article-title":"What Is Melanoma?","volume":"329","author":"Wang","year":"2023","journal-title":"JAMA-J. 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