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Male fertility hinges on the availability of testosterone, a cornerstone of spermatogenesis, while follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) signaling is indispensable for the proliferation, differentiation, and proper functioning of Sertoli and germ cells. This review covers the research on how androgens, FSH, and other hormones support processes crucial for male fertility in the testis and reproductive tract. These hormones are regulated by the hypothalamic\u2013pituitary\u2013gonad (HPG) axis, which is either quiescent or activated at different stages of the life course, and the regulation of the axis is crucial for the development and normal function of the male reproductive system. Hormonal imbalances, whether due to genetic predispositions or environmental influences, leading to hypogonadism or hypergonadism, can precipitate reproductive disorders. Investigating the regulatory network and molecular mechanisms involved in testicular development and spermatogenesis is instrumental in developing new therapeutic methods, drugs, and male hormonal contraceptives.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25115805","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,27]],"date-time":"2024-05-27T10:14:07Z","timestamp":1716804847000},"page":"5805","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":160,"title":["Hormone Regulation in Testicular Development and Function"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Lu","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cell Biology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wanqing","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cell Biology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhaoyang","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cell Biology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rufei","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cell Biology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huan","family":"Xia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cell Biology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ziyi","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cell Biology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jingxian","family":"Deng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cell Biology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-7340-7505","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tao","family":"Ye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cell Biology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yadong","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cell Biology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China"},{"name":"Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine, Guangzhou 510632, China"},{"name":"National Engineering Research Center of Genetic Medicine, Guangzhou 510632, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7835-4309","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yan","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cell Biology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China"},{"name":"Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine, Guangzhou 510632, China"},{"name":"National Engineering Research Center of Genetic Medicine, Guangzhou 510632, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1093\/humupd\/dmac035","article-title":"Temporal trends in sperm count: A systematic review and meta-regression analysis of samples collected globally in the 20th and 21st centuries","volume":"29","author":"Levine","year":"2023","journal-title":"Hum. 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