{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]],"date-time":"2026-09-18T20:36:53Z","timestamp":1789763813042,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":129,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,27]],"date-time":"2024-05-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1716768000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["246807620"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["246807620"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004543","name":"China Scholarship Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["202006320072"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202006320072"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004543","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004543","name":"China Scholarship Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["202208320096"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202208320096"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004543","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Inflammatory skin diseases highlight inflammation as a central driver of skin pathologies, involving a multiplicity of mediators and cell types, including immune and non-immune cells. Adenosine, a ubiquitous endogenous immune modulator, generated from adenosine triphosphate (ATP), acts via four G protein-coupled receptors (A1, A2A, A2B, and A3). Given the widespread expression of those receptors and their regulatory effects on multiple immune signaling pathways, targeting adenosine receptors emerges as a compelling strategy for anti-inflammatory intervention. Animal models of psoriasis, contact hypersensitivity (CHS), and other dermatitis have elucidated the involvement of adenosine receptors in the pathogenesis of these conditions. Targeting adenosine receptors is effective in attenuating inflammation and remodeling the epidermal structure, potentially showing synergistic effects with fewer adverse effects when combined with conventional therapies. What is noteworthy are the promising outcomes observed with A2A agonists in animal models and ongoing clinical trials investigating A3 agonists, underscoring a potential therapeutic approach for the management of inflammatory skin disorders.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25115810","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,27]],"date-time":"2024-05-27T10:14:07Z","timestamp":1716804847000},"page":"5810","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Adenosine and Its Receptors in the Pathogenesis and Treatment of Inflammatory Skin Diseases"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Luxia","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 440, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xuan","family":"Lei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 440, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3449-1365","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Karsten","family":"Mahnke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 440, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1929.sp002608","article-title":"The Physiological Activity of Adenine Compounds with Especial Reference to Their Action upon the Mammalian Heart","volume":"68","author":"Drury","year":"1929","journal-title":"J. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1042\/bj2140317","article-title":"The Control of Adenosine Concentration in Polymorphonuclear Leucocytes, Cultured Heart Cells and Isolated Perfused Heart from the Rat","volume":"214","author":"Newby","year":"1983","journal-title":"Biochem. J."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bajgar, A., Kucerova, K., Jonatova, L., Tomcala, A., Schneedorferova, I., Okrouhlik, J., and Dolezal, T. (2015). Extracellular Adenosine Mediates a Systemic Metabolic Switch during Immune Response. PLoS Biol., 13.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pbio.1002135"},{"key":"ref_4","first-page":"H880","article-title":"Adenosine and Insulin Mediate Glucose Uptake in Normoxic Rat Hearts by Different Mechanisms","volume":"265","author":"Angello","year":"1993","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"528","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-4804(86)90094-6","article-title":"Effects of Dipyridamole on Myocardial Glucose Uptake in the Newborn Lamb","volume":"40","author":"Mainwaring","year":"1986","journal-title":"J. Surg. Res."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1160","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.158.4.1160","article-title":"Adenosine: A Physiological Modulator of Superoxide Anion Generation by Human Neutrophils","volume":"158","author":"Cronstein","year":"1983","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1404","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/djad091","article-title":"Improving Combination Therapies: Targeting A2B-Adenosine Receptor to Modulate Metabolic Tumor Microenvironment and Immunosuppression","volume":"115","author":"Evans","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Natl. Cancer Inst."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1038\/nrrheum.2016.178","article-title":"Adenosine and Adenosine Receptors in the Pathogenesis and Treatment of Rheumatic Diseases","volume":"13","author":"Cronstein","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Rheumatol."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e181","DOI":"10.1002\/mco2.181","article-title":"Small Molecule Inhibitors Targeting the Cancers","volume":"3","author":"Liu","year":"2022","journal-title":"MedComm"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"340","DOI":"10.1124\/pharmrev.121.000445","article-title":"International Union of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology. CXII: Adenosine Receptors: A Further Update","volume":"74","author":"IJzerman","year":"2022","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Rev."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e004554","DOI":"10.1136\/jitc-2022-004554","article-title":"Targeting Two Distinct Epitopes on Human CD73 with a Bispecific Antibody Improves Anticancer Activity","volume":"10","author":"Gammelgaard","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Immunother. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"526","DOI":"10.1038\/jid.2011.344","article-title":"Purinergic Signaling in Healthy and Diseased Skin","volume":"132","author":"Burnstock","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Investig. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_13","first-page":"107","article-title":"International Union of Pharmacology. XXIV. Current Status of the Nomenclature and Properties of P2X Receptors and Their Subunits","volume":"53","author":"Khakh","year":"2001","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Rev."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1471","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-007-6497-0","article-title":"Purine and Pyrimidine Receptors","volume":"64","author":"Burnstock","year":"2007","journal-title":"Cell. Mol. Life Sci. CMLS"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"C799","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpcell.1989.256.4.C799","article-title":"Turnover of Adenosine in Plasma of Human and Dog Blood","volume":"256","author":"Schrader","year":"1989","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1841","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2005111171","article-title":"Intraluminal ATP Concentrations in Rat Renal Tubules","volume":"17","author":"Vekaria","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. JASN"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"735","DOI":"10.1007\/s00424-003-1103-2","article-title":"The Equilibrative Nucleoside Transporter Family, SLC29","volume":"447","author":"Baldwin","year":"2004","journal-title":"Pflug. Arch."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"759","DOI":"10.1038\/nrd2638","article-title":"Adenosine Receptors: Therapeutic Aspects for Inflammatory and Immune Diseases","volume":"7","author":"Linden","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Drug Discov."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pneurobio.2007.07.005","article-title":"Aspects of the General Biology of Adenosine A2A Signaling","volume":"83","author":"Fredholm","year":"2007","journal-title":"Prog. Neurobiol."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1124\/pr.113.008540","article-title":"The A3 Adenosine Receptor: History and Perspectives","volume":"67","author":"Borea","year":"2015","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Rev."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"997","DOI":"10.1016\/j.imbio.2011.03.008","article-title":"Suppression of Inflammation Response by a Novel A\u2083 Adenosine Receptor Agonist Thio-Cl-IB-MECA through Inhibition of Akt and NF-\u03baB Signaling","volume":"216","author":"Lee","year":"2011","journal-title":"Immunobiology"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1038\/s41419-022-04523-3","article-title":"Advances in the Pathogenesis of Psoriasis: From Keratinocyte Perspective","volume":"13","author":"Zhou","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cell Death Dis."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jid.2016.07.028","article-title":"Adenosine A2A and A2B Receptors Differentially Modulate Keratinocyte Proliferation: Possible Deregulation in Psoriatic Epidermis","volume":"137","author":"Terencio","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Investig. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jid.2016.08.001","article-title":"Deregulation of Adenosine Receptors in Psoriatic Epidermis: An Option for Therapeutic Treatment","volume":"137","author":"Merighi","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Investig. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1743-6109.2006.00105.x","article-title":"Purinergic Substances Promote Murine Keratinocyte Proliferation and Enhance Impaired Wound Healing in Mice","volume":"14","author":"Braun","year":"2006","journal-title":"Wound Repair Regen."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"923","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1523-1747.2002.00111.x","article-title":"Adenosine Receptors as Mediators of Both Cell Proliferation and Cell Death of Cultured Human Melanoma Cells","volume":"119","author":"Merighi","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Investig. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1007\/s11302-016-9498-3","article-title":"Signaling Pathways Involving Adenosine A2A and A2B Receptors in Wound Healing and Fibrosis","volume":"12","author":"Shaikh","year":"2016","journal-title":"Purinergic Signal."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1673","DOI":"10.1002\/art.40554","article-title":"The Antifibrotic Effect of A2B Adenosine Receptor Antagonism in a Mouse Model of Dermal Fibrosis","volume":"70","author":"Molina","year":"2018","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheumatol."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.21935","article-title":"Melanocytes in Development and Cancer","volume":"222","author":"Uong","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Cell. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"725","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1523-1747.1999.00756.x","article-title":"Altered Gene Expression in Melanocytes Exposed to 4-Tertiary Butyl Phenol (4-TBP): Upregulation of the A2b Adenosine Receptor1","volume":"113","author":"Yang","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Investig. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1016\/j.abb.2014.07.003","article-title":"Cyclic AMP (cAMP) Signaling in Melanocytes and Melanoma","volume":"563","author":"Setaluri","year":"2014","journal-title":"Arch. Biochem. Biophys."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"884","DOI":"10.1086\/319500","article-title":"Melanocortin-1 Receptor Gene Variants Determine the Risk of Nonmelanoma Skin Cancer Independently of Fair Skin and Red Hair","volume":"68","author":"Bastiaens","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am. J. Hum. Genet."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.1111\/php.12335","article-title":"MC1R, Eumelanin and Pheomelanin: Their Role in Determining the Susceptibility to Skin Cancer","volume":"91","author":"Nasti","year":"2015","journal-title":"Photochem. Photobiol."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.1038\/nature11624","article-title":"An Ultraviolet-Radiation-Independent Pathway to Melanoma Carcinogenesis in the Red Hair\/Fair Skin Background","volume":"491","author":"Mitra","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1111\/pcmr.12920","article-title":"Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate (cAMP) Signaling in Melanocyte Pigmentation and Melanomagenesis","volume":"34","author":"Bang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pigment Cell Melanoma Res."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1215","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bjp.0704352","article-title":"Pharmacological and Biochemical Characterization of Adenosine Receptors in the Human Malignant Melanoma A375 Cell Line","volume":"134","author":"Merighi","year":"2001","journal-title":"Br. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"894","DOI":"10.1593\/neo.05334","article-title":"A3 Adenosine Receptors Modulate Hypoxia-Inducible Factor-1a Expression in Human A375 Melanoma Cells","volume":"7","author":"Merighi","year":"2005","journal-title":"Neoplasia"},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.5021\/ad.2014.26.2.209","article-title":"Effect of Adenosine on Melanogenesis in B16 Cells and Zebrafish","volume":"26","author":"Kim","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ann. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1111\/exd.12028","article-title":"Enhancing Pigmentation via Activation of A3 Adenosine Receptors in B16 Melanoma Cells and in Human Skin Explants","volume":"22","author":"Madi","year":"2013","journal-title":"Exp. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7215072","DOI":"10.1155\/2017\/7215072","article-title":"Contribution of In Vivo and Organotypic 3D Models to Understanding the Role of Macrophages and Neutrophils in the Pathogenesis of Psoriasis","volume":"2017","author":"Lorthois","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mediat. Inflamm."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"328","DOI":"10.1016\/0008-6363(96)00052-1","article-title":"Carbohydrate- and CD18-Dependent Neutrophil Adhesion to Cardiac Myocytes: Effects of Adenosine","volume":"32","author":"Bullough","year":"1996","journal-title":"Cardiovasc. Res."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2201","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.148.7.2201","article-title":"Neutrophil Adherence to Endothelium Is Enhanced via Adenosine A1 Receptors and Inhibited via Adenosine A2 Receptors","volume":"148","author":"Cronstein","year":"1992","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1186","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.167.3.1186","article-title":"Adenosine Promotes Neutrophil Chemotaxis","volume":"167","author":"Rose","year":"1988","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1150","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI114547","article-title":"The Adenosine\/Neutrophil Paradox Resolved: Human Neutrophils Possess Both A1 and A2 Receptors That Promote Chemotaxis and Inhibit O2 Generation, Respectively","volume":"85","author":"Cronstein","year":"1990","journal-title":"J. Clin. Investig."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1097\/SHK.0b013e318160dad4","article-title":"A3 and P2Y2 Receptors Control the Recruitment of Neutrophils to the Lungs in a Mouse Model of Sepsis","volume":"30","author":"Inoue","year":"2008","journal-title":"Shock"},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1792","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1132559","article-title":"ATP Release Guides Neutrophil Chemotaxis via P2Y2 and A3 Receptors","volume":"314","author":"Chen","year":"2006","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smim.2016.03.007","article-title":"The Role of Neutrophils in Inflammation Resolution","volume":"28","author":"Jones","year":"2016","journal-title":"Semin. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1084","DOI":"10.1111\/exd.13746","article-title":"Development of Psoriasis by Continuous Neutrophil Infiltration into the Epidermis","volume":"27","author":"Katayama","year":"2018","journal-title":"Exp. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e3709749","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/3709749","article-title":"Role of Neutrophils in Psoriasis","volume":"2020","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Immunol. Res."},{"key":"ref_50","first-page":"46","article-title":"The Histopathology of Psoriasis","volume":"59","author":"Rosa","year":"2007","journal-title":"Reumatismo"},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/j.imlet.2018.04.006","article-title":"Adenosine Signaling and the Immune System: When a Lot Could Be Too Much","volume":"205","author":"Antonioli","year":"2019","journal-title":"Immunol. Lett."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1225","DOI":"10.1002\/JLB.3VMA0918-374R","article-title":"Adenosine from a Biologic Source Regulates Neutrophil Extracellular Traps (NETs)","volume":"105","author":"Xu","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Leukoc. Biol."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Magni, G., and Ceruti, S. (2020). Adenosine Signaling in Autoimmune Disorders. Pharmaceuticals, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/ph13090260"},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4111","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-015-1995-y","article-title":"Macrophage Polarization in Pathology","volume":"72","author":"Sica","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cell. Mol. Life Sci. CMLS"},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"921","DOI":"10.1007\/s10753-013-9621-3","article-title":"The Adenosine-Dependent Angiogenic Switch of Macrophages to an M2-like Phenotype Is Independent of Interleukin-4 Receptor Alpha (IL-4R\u03b1) Signaling","volume":"36","author":"Ferrante","year":"2013","journal-title":"Inflammation"},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2019.00162","article-title":"Adenosine A2A Receptor Stimulation Inhibits TCR-Induced Notch1 Activation in CD8+T-Cells","volume":"10","author":"Sorrentino","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1186\/s40425-019-0719-5","article-title":"Adenosine Mediates Functional and Metabolic Suppression of Peripheral and Tumor-Infiltrating CD8+ T Cells","volume":"7","author":"Wang","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Immunother. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1258637","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2023.1258637","article-title":"Adenosine, Bridging Chronic Inflammation and Tumor Growth","volume":"14","author":"Chen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1186\/s40425-018-0360-8","article-title":"Targeting Adenosine for Cancer Immunotherapy","volume":"6","author":"Leone","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Immunother. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3491","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.08-107458","article-title":"Adenosine A2A Receptor Activation Inhibits T Helper 1 and T Helper 2 Cell Development and Effector Function","volume":"22","author":"Himer","year":"2008","journal-title":"FASEB J."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6746","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1100117","article-title":"The A2B Adenosine Receptor Promotes Th17 Differentiation via Stimulation of Dendritic Cell IL-6","volume":"186","author":"Wilson","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1103721","article-title":"Blocking A2B Adenosine Receptor Alleviates Pathogenesis of Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis via Inhibition of IL-6 Production and Th17 Differentiation","volume":"190","author":"Wei","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5498","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1401959","article-title":"Anti-Inflammatory or Proinflammatory Effect of an Adenosine Receptor Agonist on the Th17 Autoimmune Response Is Inflammatory Environment\u2013Dependent","volume":"193","author":"Liang","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Alam, M.S., Cavanaugh, C., Pereira, M., Babu, U., and Williams, K. (2020). Susceptibility of Aging Mice to Listeriosis: Role of Anti-Inflammatory Responses with Enhanced Treg-Cell Expression of CD39\/CD73 and Th-17 Cells. Int. J. Med. Microbiol. IJMM, 310.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijmm.2020.151397"},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2007-03-081646","article-title":"A2A Receptor Signaling Promotes Peripheral Tolerance by Inducing T-Cell Anergy and the Generation of Adaptive Regulatory T Cells","volume":"111","author":"Zarek","year":"2008","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2012.00190","article-title":"The Development and Immunosuppressive Functions of CD4(+) CD25(+) FoxP3(+) Regulatory T Cells Are under Influence of the Adenosine-A2A Adenosine Receptor Pathway","volume":"3","author":"Ohta","year":"2012","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"642","DOI":"10.1111\/exd.13535","article-title":"Regulatory T Cells in Autoimmune Skin Diseases","volume":"28","author":"Ujiie","year":"2019","journal-title":"Exp. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"eadh0152","DOI":"10.1126\/sciimmunol.adh0152","article-title":"Regulatory T Cells in Skin Mediate Immune Privilege of the Hair Follicle Stem Cell Niche","volume":"9","author":"Cohen","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1011","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jid.2022.12.003","article-title":"Tolerance to 2,4-Dinitrofluorobenzene\u2013Induced Contact Hypersensitivity Is Mediated by CD73-Expressing Tissue-Homing Regulatory T Cells","volume":"143","author":"Da","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Investig. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"538","DOI":"10.1038\/nature10664","article-title":"Response to Self Antigen Imprints Regulatory Memory in Tissues","volume":"480","author":"Rosenblum","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3138","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.201343801","article-title":"TLRs to Cytokines: Mechanistic Insights from the Imiquimod Mouse Model of Psoriasis","volume":"43","author":"Flutter","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eur. J. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"799","DOI":"10.1007\/s10787-023-01175-3","article-title":"Isostearic Acid Is an Active Component of Imiquimod Formulations Used to Induce Psoriaform Disease Models","volume":"31","author":"Strass","year":"2023","journal-title":"Inflammopharmacology"},{"key":"ref_73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1338","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.jid.5700286","article-title":"The Small Antitumoral Immune Response Modifier Imiquimod Interacts with Adenosine Receptor Signaling in a TLR7- and TLR8-Independent Fashion","volume":"126","author":"Klotz","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Investig. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1097\/SHK.0b013e3181dc0845","article-title":"T-cell Activation Differentially Mediates the Host Response to Sepsis","volume":"34","author":"Kasten","year":"2010","journal-title":"Shock"},{"key":"ref_75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"553","DOI":"10.1111\/exd.12474","article-title":"Targeting Adenosine Receptors to Prevent Inflammatory Skin Diseases","volume":"23","author":"Gessi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Exp. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2595","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jid.2018.05.018","article-title":"Extracellular ATP and IL-23 Form a Local Inflammatory Circuit Leading to the Development of a Neutrophil-Dependent Psoriasiform Dermatitis","volume":"138","author":"Killeen","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Investig. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4324","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1202045","article-title":"Signaling through Purinergic Receptors for ATP Induces Human Cutaneous Innate and Adaptive Th17 Responses: Implications in the Pathogenesis of Psoriasis","volume":"190","author":"Killeen","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"408","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jid.2022.07.032","article-title":"Topical Application of Adenosine A2-Type Receptor Agonists Prevents Contact Hypersensitivity Reactions in Mice by Affecting Skin Dendritic Cells","volume":"143","author":"Bolduan","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Investig. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"605","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2013.08.005","article-title":"Norepinephrine and Adenosine-5\u2032-Triphosphate Synergize in Inducing IL-6 Production by Human Dermal Microvascular Endothelial Cells","volume":"64","author":"Stohl","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cytokine"},{"key":"ref_80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2609","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20092489","article-title":"Lack of the Purinergic Receptor P2X7 Results in Resistance to Contact Hypersensitivity","volume":"207","author":"Weber","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"ref_81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"541","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jid.2018.10.016","article-title":"Production of Extracellular Adenosine by CD73+ Dendritic Cells Is Crucial for Induction of Tolerance in Contact Hypersensitivity Reactions","volume":"139","author":"Ring","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Investig. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.1111\/exd.12094","article-title":"P2X7 Receptor Is Required for Neutrophil Accumulation in a Mouse Model of Irritant Contact Dermatitis","volume":"22","author":"Sperotto","year":"2013","journal-title":"Exp. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Irrera, N., Bitto, A., Vaccaro, M., Mannino, F., Squadrito, V., Pallio, G., Arcoraci, V., Minutoli, L., Ieni, A., and Lentini, M. (2020). PDRN, a Bioactive Natural Compound, Ameliorates Imiquimod-Induced Psoriasis through NF-\u03baB Pathway Inhibition and Wnt\/\u03b2-Catenin Signaling Modulation. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 21.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21041215"},{"key":"ref_84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"624","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jid.2021.07.174","article-title":"Positive Allosteric Modulation of A2AR Alters Immune Cell Responses and Ameliorates Psoriasis-Like Dermatitis in Mice","volume":"142","author":"Welihinda","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Investig. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mar\u00edn-Castej\u00f3n, A., Marco-Bonilla, M., Terencio, M.C., Arasa, J., Carceller, M.C., Ferrandiz, M.L., Noguera, M.A., Andr\u00e9s-Ejarque, R., and Montesinos, M.C. (2024). Adenosine A2B Receptor Agonist Improves Epidermal Barrier Integrity in a Murine Model of Epidermal Hyperplasia. Biomed. Pharmacother., 173.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2024.116401"},{"key":"ref_86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105731","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2021.105731","article-title":"Optical Control of Adenosine A3 Receptor Function in Psoriasis","volume":"170","author":"Filgaira","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Res."},{"key":"ref_87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Soni, S., Lukhey, M.S., Thawkar, B.S., Chintamaneni, M., Kaur, G., Joshi, H., Ramniwas, S., and Tuli, H.S. (2024). A Current Review on P2X7 Receptor Antagonist Patents in the Treatment of Neuroinflammatory Disorders: A Patent Review on Antagonists. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch. Pharmacol.","DOI":"10.1007\/s00210-024-02994-z"},{"key":"ref_88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1521","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.4271-03.2004","article-title":"A1 Adenosine Receptor Upregulation and Activation Attenuates Neuroinflammation and Demyelination in a Model of Multiple Sclerosis","volume":"24","author":"Tsutsui","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Neurosci. Off. J. Soc. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2018.06.021","article-title":"Adenosine Binds Predominantly to Adenosine Receptor A1 Subtype in Astrocytes and Mediates an Immunosuppressive Effect","volume":"1700","author":"Liu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Brain Res."},{"key":"ref_90","first-page":"786","article-title":"Glucocorticoids Regulate Innate Immunity in a Model of Multiple Sclerosis: Reciprocal Interactions between the A1 Adenosine Receptor and Beta-Arrestin-1 in Monocytoid Cells","volume":"22","author":"Tsutsui","year":"2008","journal-title":"FASEB J. Off. Publ. Fed. Am. Soc. Exp. Biol."},{"key":"ref_91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1007\/s11302-011-9221-3","article-title":"Restraint Stress Fails to Modulate Cutaneous Hypersensitivity Responses in Mice Lacking the Adenosine A1 Receptor","volume":"7","author":"Oliver","year":"2011","journal-title":"Purinergic Signal."},{"key":"ref_92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.1007\/s11302-014-9427-2","article-title":"Purinergic Signalling and Immune Cells","volume":"10","author":"Burnstock","year":"2014","journal-title":"Purinergic Signal."},{"key":"ref_93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1591","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00049.2017","article-title":"Pharmacology of Adenosine Receptors: The State of the Art","volume":"98","author":"Borea","year":"2018","journal-title":"Physiol. Rev."},{"key":"ref_94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1541","DOI":"10.1038\/jid.2012.512","article-title":"IL-1R1 Signaling Facilitates Munro\u2019s Microabscess Formation in Psoriasiform Imiquimod-Induced Skin Inflammation","volume":"133","author":"Lian","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Investig. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"555","DOI":"10.1111\/exd.12461","article-title":"Topical Application of the Adenosine A2A Receptor Agonist CGS-21680 Prevents Phorbol-Induced Epidermal Hyperplasia and Inflammation in Mice","volume":"23","author":"Arasa","year":"2014","journal-title":"Exp. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.15-280388","article-title":"Adenosine A2A Receptor Plays an Important Role in Radiation-Induced Dermal Injury","volume":"30","author":"Mediero","year":"2016","journal-title":"FASEB J."},{"key":"ref_97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3279","DOI":"10.1111\/bph.13615","article-title":"Adenosine A2A Receptor Promotes Collagen Type III Synthesis via \u03b2-Catenin Activation in Human Dermal Fibroblasts","volume":"173","author":"Shaikh","year":"2016","journal-title":"Br. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1935","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2017.05.005","article-title":"Adenosine A2a Receptor Blockade Diminishes Wnt\/\u03b2-Catenin Signaling in a Murine Model of Bleomycin-Induced Dermal Fibrosis","volume":"187","author":"Zhang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am. J. Pathol."},{"key":"ref_99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chen, M., Liang, D., Zuo, A., Shao, H., Kaplan, H.J., and Sun, D. (2015). An A2B Adenosine Receptor Agonist Promotes Th17 Autoimmune Responses in Experimental Autoimmune Uveitis (EAU) via Dendritic Cell Activation. PLoS ONE, 10.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0132348"},{"key":"ref_100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"360","DOI":"10.1002\/iid3.74","article-title":"A2B Adenosine Receptor Activation Switches Differentiation of Bone Marrow Cells to a CD11c(+)Gr-1(+) Dendritic Cell Subset That Promotes the Th17 Response","volume":"3","author":"Liang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Immun. Inflamm. Dis."},{"key":"ref_101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2875","DOI":"10.2174\/1381612825666190716145206","article-title":"Role and Function of Adenosine and Its Receptors in Inflammation, Neuroinflammation, IBS, Autoimmune Inflammatory Disorders, Rheumatoid Arthritis and Psoriasis","volume":"25","author":"Shakya","year":"2019","journal-title":"Curr. Pharm. Des."},{"key":"ref_102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"861","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2008.05.049","article-title":"A2B Adenosine Receptor Gene Deletion Attenuates Murine Colitis","volume":"135","author":"Kolachala","year":"2008","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"ref_103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"714","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1523-1747.2000.00099.x","article-title":"A Hyperosmotic Stimulus Elevates Intracellular Calcium and Inhibits Proliferation of a Human Keratinocyte Cell Line","volume":"115","author":"Dascalu","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Investig. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cellimm.2009.03.020","article-title":"The Anti-Inflammatory Target A(3) Adenosine Receptor Is over-Expressed in Rheumatoid Arthritis, Psoriasis and Crohn\u2019s Disease","volume":"258","author":"Ochaion","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cell. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1601","DOI":"10.1517\/13543784.16.10.1601","article-title":"The Anti-Inflammatory Effect of A3 Adenosine Receptor Agonists: A Novel Targeted Therapy for Rheumatoid Arthritis","volume":"16","author":"Silverman","year":"2007","journal-title":"Expert Opin. Investig. Drugs"},{"key":"ref_106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R197","DOI":"10.1186\/ar3527","article-title":"A2A and A3 Adenosine Receptor Expression in Rheumatoid Arthritis: Upregulation, Inverse Correlation with Disease Activity Score and Suppression of Inflammatory Cytokine and Metalloproteinase Release","volume":"13","author":"Varani","year":"2011","journal-title":"Arthritis Res. Ther."},{"key":"ref_107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-3083.2011.04078.x","article-title":"Treatment of Plaque-type Psoriasis with Oral CF101: Data from an Exploratory Randomized Phase 2 Clinical Trial","volume":"26","author":"David","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Eur. Acad. Dermatol. Venereol."},{"key":"ref_108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Papp, K., Beyska-Rizova, S., Gantcheva, M., Simeonova, E., Brezoev, P., Celic, M., Groppa, L., Blicharski, T., Selmanagic, A., and Kalicka-Dudzik, M. (2024). Efficacy and Safety of Piclidenoson in Plaque Psoriasis: Results from a Randomized Phase 3 Clinical Trial (COMFORT-1). J. Eur. Acad. Dermatol. Venereol.","DOI":"10.1111\/jdv.19811"},{"key":"ref_109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2359","DOI":"10.1007\/s10067-016-3202-4","article-title":"The A3 Adenosine Receptor (A3AR): Therapeutic Target and Predictive Biological Marker in Rheumatoid Arthritis","volume":"35","author":"Fishman","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin. Rheumatol."},{"key":"ref_110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2310970","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/2310970","article-title":"Inhibition of IL-17 and IL-23 in Human Keratinocytes by the A3 Adenosine Receptor Agonist Piclidenoson","volume":"2018","author":"Cohen","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Immunol. Res."},{"key":"ref_111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Stemmer, S.M., Manojlovic, N.S., Marinca, M.V., Petrov, P., Cherciu, N., Ganea, D., Ciuleanu, T.E., Pusca, I.A., Beg, M.S., and Purcell, W.T. (2021). Namodenoson in Advanced Hepatocellular Carcinoma and Child-Pugh B Cirrhosis: Randomized Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial. Cancers, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers13020187"},{"key":"ref_112","first-page":"931","article-title":"Treatment of Plaque-Type Psoriasis with Oral CF101: Data from a Phase II\/III Multicenter, Randomized, Controlled Trial","volume":"15","author":"David","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Drugs Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10978","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.201601931","article-title":"Emerging Targets in Photopharmacology","volume":"55","author":"Lerch","year":"2016","journal-title":"Angew. Chem. Int. Ed."},{"key":"ref_114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2465","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.1993.00410210093010","article-title":"A Reevaluation of Aspirin Therapy in Rheumatoid Arthritis","volume":"153","author":"Fries","year":"1993","journal-title":"Arch. Intern. Med."},{"key":"ref_115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1097\/FJC.0b013e31820eb788","article-title":"Physiological and Pharmacological Roles of Vascular Nucleoside Transporters","volume":"59","author":"Li","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Cardiovasc. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6377","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.96.11.6377","article-title":"Salicylates and Sulfasalazine, but Not Glucocorticoids, Inhibit Leukocyte Accumulation by an Adenosine-Dependent Mechanism That Is Independent of Inhibition of Prostaglandin Synthesis and P105 of NFkappaB","volume":"96","author":"Cronstein","year":"1999","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"446","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2009-10-247106","article-title":"Glucocorticoids Promote Survival of Anti-Inflammatory Macrophages via Stimulation of Adenosine Receptor A3","volume":"116","author":"Barczyk","year":"2010","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1087","DOI":"10.2340\/00015555-2724","article-title":"Blocking mTOR Signalling with Rapamycin Ameliorates Imiquimod-Induced Psoriasis in Mice","volume":"97","author":"Shirsath","year":"2017","journal-title":"Acta Derm. Venereol."},{"key":"ref_119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.1038\/s41557-018-0187-4","article-title":"Rapamycin-Inspired Macrocycles with New Target Specificity","volume":"11","author":"Guo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Chem."},{"key":"ref_120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"589","DOI":"10.1007\/s13555-020-00409-4","article-title":"Long-Term Safety of Oral Systemic Therapies for Psoriasis: A Comprehensive Review of the Literature","volume":"10","author":"Balak","year":"2020","journal-title":"Dermatol. Ther."},{"key":"ref_121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ko\u017ami\u0144ski, P., Halik, P.K., Chesori, R., and Gniazdowska, E. (2020). Overview of Dual-Acting Drug Methotrexate in Different Neurological Diseases, Autoimmune Pathologies and Cancers. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 21.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21103483"},{"key":"ref_122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbspin.2018.07.004","article-title":"Methotrexate Mechanism in Treatment of Rheumatoid Arthritis","volume":"86","author":"Friedman","year":"2019","journal-title":"Jt. Bone Spine Rev. Rhum."},{"key":"ref_123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102320","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coph.2022.102320","article-title":"Pharmacological Strategies for Mitigating Anti-TNF Biologic Immunogenicity in Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients","volume":"68","author":"Fernandez","year":"2023","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4699","DOI":"10.1007\/s11033-020-05481-9","article-title":"Molecular Mechanism of Action and Pharmacokinetic Properties of Methotrexate","volume":"47","author":"Maksimovic","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mol. Biol. Rep."},{"key":"ref_125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1038\/nrrheum.2010.5","article-title":"Methotrexate\u2014How Does It Really Work?","volume":"6","author":"Chan","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Rheumatol."},{"key":"ref_126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1186\/s13020-022-00624-5","article-title":"Inhibitory Effect of Isatis tinctoria L. Water Extract on DNCB-Induced Atopic Dermatitis in BALB\/c Mice and HaCaT Cells","volume":"17","author":"Min","year":"2022","journal-title":"Chin. Med."},{"key":"ref_127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jacobson, K.A., and Reitman, M.L. (2020). Adenosine-Related Mechanisms in Non-Adenosine Receptor Drugs. Cells, 9.","DOI":"10.20944\/preprints202004.0115.v1"},{"key":"ref_128","unstructured":"(2024, April 05). Translational Therapeutics of Dipyridamole|Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology. Available online: https:\/\/www.ahajournals.org\/doi\/10.1161\/atvbaha.107.160226."},{"key":"ref_129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1007\/s40257-017-0302-0","article-title":"Apremilast: A Novel Oral Treatment for Psoriasis and Psoriatic Arthritis","volume":"19","author":"Torres","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Dermatol."}],"container-title":["International Journal of Molecular Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1422-0067\/25\/11\/5810\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T14:49:13Z","timestamp":1760107753000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1422-0067\/25\/11\/5810"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,27]]},"references-count":129,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,6]]}},"alternative-id":["ijms25115810"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms25115810","relation":{},"ISSN":["1422-0067"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1422-0067","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,27]]}}}