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Serving Score (MDSS)) and parameters indicating thyroid gland activity, such as concentration of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), thyroid hormones (free triiodothyronine (fT3), free thyroxine (fT4)), thyroglobulin (Tg), antibodies to thyroid proteins (thyroglobulin antibodies (TgAb) and thyroid peroxidase antibodies (TPOAb)), and calcitonin (CT) in plasma and serum samples. An additional objective was to investigate whether there are differences in the values of the MDSS among clinical groups (euthyroid individuals, euthyroid individuals with positive TgAb and\/or TPOAb, and hypothyroid and hyperthyroid participants). This cross-sectional study included 4620 participants over 18 years of age from the islands of Kor\u010dula and Vis, and the mainland city of Split. The MDSS was assessed from a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). MDSS values were significantly higher in females compared to males and showed a positive association with the age of the participants. There was no significant difference in the MDSS values among the examined clinical groups. In the group of subjects with euthyroidism, a significant positive association was found between fT3 and the MDSS, while in the group of subjects with subclinical hypothyroidism, a significant positive association was observed between the MDSS and both fT3 and fT4. CT levels were also positively associated with the MDSS. Considering the significant positive association of the MDSS and both fT3 and fT4 levels in patients with subclinical hypothyroidism, the results of this study could be used to create guidelines for selecting an appropriate, potentially protective diet for these patients.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25115874","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,28]],"date-time":"2024-05-28T07:38:39Z","timestamp":1716881919000},"page":"5874","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["The Effect of Mediterranean Diet on Thyroid Gland Activity"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Iva","family":"Jure\u0161ko","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology and Human Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Split, 21 000 Split, Croatia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5672-871X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nikolina","family":"Plei\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology and Human Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Split, 21 000 Split, Croatia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7056-6443","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ivana","family":"Gunja\u010da","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology and Human Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Split, 21 000 Split, Croatia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vesela","family":"Torlak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital of Split, 21 000 Split, Croatia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dubravka","family":"Brdar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital of Split, 21 000 Split, Croatia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ante","family":"Punda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital of Split, 21 000 Split, Croatia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5765-1862","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ozren","family":"Pola\u0161ek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health, School of Medicine, University of Split, \u0160oltanska 2, 21 000 Split, Croatia"},{"name":"Algebra University College, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9405-9550","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Caroline","family":"Hayward","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8120-2891","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tatijana","family":"Zemunik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology and Human Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Split, 21 000 Split, Croatia"},{"name":"Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital of Split, 21 000 Split, Croatia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4223-4190","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mirjana","family":"Babi\u0107 Leko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology and Human Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Split, 21 000 Split, Croatia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.3325\/cmj.2016.57.415","article-title":"Mediterranean diet in the southern Croatia\u2014Does it still exist?","volume":"57","author":"Relja","year":"2016","journal-title":"Croat. 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