{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,29]],"date-time":"2025-10-29T03:55:01Z","timestamp":1761710101943,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,28]],"date-time":"2024-05-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1716854400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"University of Debrecen Program for Scientific Publication"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells, a subset of V\u03b17.2+ T cells, are a crucial link between innate and adaptive immunity, responding to various stimuli through TCR-dependent and independent pathways. We investigated the responses of MAIT cells and V\u03b17.2+\/CD161\u2212 T cells to different stimuli and evaluated the effects of Cyclosporin A (CsA) and Vitamin D3 (VitD). Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from healthy donors were stimulated with various agents (PMA\/Ionomycin, 5-OP-RU, 5-OP-RU\/IL-12\/IL-33) with or without CsA and VitD. Flow cytometric analysis assessed surface markers and intracellular cytokine production. Under steady-state conditions, MAIT cells displayed elevated expression of CCR6 and IL-13. They showed upregulated activation and exhaustion markers after activation, producing IFN\u03b3, TNF\u03b1, and TNF\u03b1\/GzB. CsA significantly inhibited MAIT cell activation and cytokine production. Conversely, V\u03b17.2+\/CD161\u2212 T cells exhibited distinct responses, showing negligible responses to 5-OP-RU ligand but increased cytokine production upon PMA stimulation. Our study underscores the distinct nature of MAIT cells compared to V\u03b17.2+\/CD161\u2212 T cells, which resemble conventional T cells. CsA emerges as a potent immunosuppressive agent, inhibiting proinflammatory cytokine production in MAIT cells. At the same time, VitD supports MAIT cell activation and IL-13 production, shedding light on potential therapeutic avenues for immune modulation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25115895","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,28]],"date-time":"2024-05-28T13:32:55Z","timestamp":1716903175000},"page":"5895","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["A Comprehensive Investigation of Stimulatory Agents on MAIT and V\u03b17.2+\/CD161\u2212 T Cell Response and Effects of Immunomodulatory Drugs"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Parvind","family":"Singh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marianna","family":"Sz\u00e1raz-Sz\u00e9les","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S\u00e1ndor","family":"Bar\u00e1th","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7364-9906","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zsuzsanna","family":"Hevessy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"E1771","article-title":"The molecular basis for Mucosal-Associated Invariant T cell recognition of MR1 proteins","volume":"110","author":"Dulberger","year":"2013","journal-title":"Proc. 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