{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T04:10:26Z","timestamp":1785557426872,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":126,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,29]],"date-time":"2024-05-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1716940800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Key R&amp;D program of China","award":["2022YFA1105502"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022YFA1105502"]}]},{"name":"National Key R&amp;D program of China","award":["2022YFA1105500"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022YFA1105500"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Wet age-related macular degeneration (wet AMD) is a primary contributor to visual impairment and severe vision loss globally, but the prevailing treatments are often unsatisfactory. The development of conventional treatment strategies has largely been based on the understanding that the angiogenic switch of endothelial cells (ECs) is mainly dictated by angiogenic growth factors. Even though treatments targeting vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), like ranibizumab, are widely administered, more than half of patients still exhibit inadequate or null responses, suggesting the involvement of other pathogenic mechanisms. With advances in research in recent years, it has become well recognized that EC metabolic regulation plays an active rather than merely passive responsive role in angiogenesis. Disturbances of these metabolic pathways may lead to excessive neovascularization in angiogenic diseases such as wet AMD, therefore targeted modulation of EC metabolism represents a promising therapeutic strategy for wet AMD. In this review, we comprehensively discuss the potential applications of EC metabolic regulation in wet AMD treatment from multiple perspectives, including the involvement of ECs in wet AMD pathogenesis, the major endothelial metabolic pathways, and novel therapeutic approaches targeting metabolism for wet AMD.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25115926","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,30]],"date-time":"2024-05-30T10:42:34Z","timestamp":1717065754000},"page":"5926","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Metabolic Regulation of Endothelial Cells: A New Era for Treating Wet Age-Related Macular Degeneration"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Xirui","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People\u2019s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China"},{"name":"Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai 200011, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yang","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People\u2019s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China"},{"name":"Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai 200011, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yahan","family":"Ju","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People\u2019s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China"},{"name":"Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai 200011, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ping","family":"Gu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People\u2019s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China"},{"name":"Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai 200011, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"493","article-title":"Updates on the Epidemiology of Age-Related Macular Degeneration","volume":"6","author":"Jonas","year":"2017","journal-title":"Asia Pac. 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