{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]],"date-time":"2026-09-04T18:42:17Z","timestamp":1788547337981,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,29]],"date-time":"2024-05-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1716940800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China and China Academy of Engineering Physics","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U2030105"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U2030105"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China and China Academy of Engineering Physics","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U2330108"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U2330108"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The primary emphasis of photoimmunology is the impact of nonionizing radiation on the immune system. With the development of terahertz (THz) and sub-terahertz (sub-THz) technology, the biological effects of this emerging nonionizing radiation, particularly its influence on immune function, remain insufficiently explored but are progressively attracting attention. Here, we demonstrated that 0.1 sub-THz radiation can modulate the immune system and alleviate symptoms of arthritis in collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) mice through a nonthermal manner. The application of 0.1 sub-THz irradiation led to a decrease in proinflammatory factors within the joints and serum, reducing the levels of blood immune cells and the quantity of splenic CD4+ T cells. Notably, 0.1 sub-THz irradiation restored depleted Treg cells in CIA mice and re-established the Th17\/Treg equilibrium. These findings suggested that sub-THz irradiation plays a crucial role in systemic immunoregulation. Further exploration of its immune modulation mechanisms revealed the anti-inflammatory properties of 0.1 sub-THz on LPS-stimulated skin keratinocytes. Through the reduction in NF-\u03baB signaling and NLRP3 inflammasome activation, 0.1 sub-THz irradiation effectively decreased the production of inflammatory factors and immune-active substances, including IL-1\u03b2 and PGE2, in HaCaT cells. Consequently, 0.1 sub-THz irradiation mitigated the inflammatory response and contributed to the maintenance of immune tolerance in CIA mice. This research provided significant new evidence supporting the systemic impacts of 0.1 sub-THz radiation, particularly on the immune system. It also enhanced the field of photoimmunology and offered valuable insights into the potential biomedical applications of 0.1 sub-THz radiation for treating autoimmune diseases.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25115963","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,30]],"date-time":"2024-05-30T10:42:34Z","timestamp":1717065754000},"page":"5963","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Anti-Inflammatory and Immunomodulatory Effects of 0.1 Sub-Terahertz Irradiation in Collagen-Induced Arthritis Mice"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Qi","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of the Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University, Xi\u2019an 710049, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sen","family":"Shang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of the Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University, Xi\u2019an 710049, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xu","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of the Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University, Xi\u2019an 710049, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3284-4729","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiaoyun","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of the Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University, Xi\u2019an 710049, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Grundt, J.E., Cerna, C., Roth, C.C., Ibey, B.L., Lipscomb, D., Echchgadda, I., and Wilmink, G.J. 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