{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,3]],"date-time":"2026-08-03T22:41:57Z","timestamp":1785796917560,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,4]],"date-time":"2024-06-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1717459200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"R&amp;D Program for Forest Science Technology","award":["2023469A00-2325-EE01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023469A00-2325-EE01"]}]},{"name":"R&amp;D Program for Forest Science Technology","award":["RS-2023-00222349"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RS-2023-00222349"]}]},{"name":"R&amp;D Program for Forest Science Technology","award":["RS-2024-00417542"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RS-2024-00417542"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100013129","name":"Starting Growth Technological R&amp;D Program","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2023469A00-2325-EE01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023469A00-2325-EE01"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100013129","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100013129","name":"Starting Growth Technological R&amp;D Program","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RS-2023-00222349"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RS-2023-00222349"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100013129","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100013129","name":"Starting Growth Technological R&amp;D Program","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RS-2024-00417542"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RS-2024-00417542"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100013129","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Ministry of Science and ICT (MSIT)","award":["2023469A00-2325-EE01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023469A00-2325-EE01"]}]},{"name":"Ministry of Science and ICT (MSIT)","award":["RS-2023-00222349"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RS-2023-00222349"]}]},{"name":"Ministry of Science and ICT (MSIT)","award":["RS-2024-00417542"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RS-2024-00417542"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Aging leads to tissue and cellular changes, often driven by oxidative stress and inflammation, which contribute to age-related diseases. Our research focuses on harnessing the potent anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties of Korean Ulmus macrocarpa Hance, a traditional herbal remedy, to address muscle loss and atrophy. We evaluated the effects of Ulmus extract on various parameters in a muscle atrophy model, including weight, exercise performance, grip strength, body composition, muscle mass, and fiber characteristics. Additionally, we conducted Western blot and RT-PCR analyses to examine muscle protein regulation, apoptosis factors, inflammation, and antioxidants. In a dexamethasone-induced muscle atrophy model, Ulmus extract administration promoted genes related to muscle formation while reducing those associated with muscle atrophy. It also mitigated inflammation and boosted muscle antioxidants, indicating a potential improvement in muscle atrophy. These findings highlight the promise of Ulmus extract for developing pharmaceuticals and supplements to combat muscle loss and atrophy, paving the way for clinical applications.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25116197","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,4]],"date-time":"2024-06-04T11:48:50Z","timestamp":1717501730000},"page":"6197","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["The Impact of Ulmus macrocarpa Extracts on a Model of Sarcopenia-Induced C57BL\/6 Mice"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Chan Ho","family":"Lee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Forest Biomaterials Engineering, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yeeun","family":"Kwon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dr.Oregonin Inc., #802 Bodeum Hall, Kangwondaehakgil 1, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sunmin","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dr.Oregonin Inc., #802 Bodeum Hall, Kangwondaehakgil 1, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"TaeHee","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dr.Oregonin Inc., #802 Bodeum Hall, Kangwondaehakgil 1, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-8477-8084","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Min Seok","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dr.Oregonin Inc., #802 Bodeum Hall, Kangwondaehakgil 1, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9305-4769","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eun Ji","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Industry Coupled Cooperation Center for Bio Healthcare Materials, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jae In","family":"Jung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Industry Coupled Cooperation Center for Bio Healthcare Materials, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sangil","family":"Min","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Transplantation and Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8816-2976","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kwang-Hyun","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency Medical Rescue, Nambu University, Gwangju 62271, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jae Hun","family":"Jeong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food Science & Biotechnology, Jeonnam State University, Damyang 57337, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sun Eun","family":"Choi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Forest Biomaterials Engineering, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Dr.Oregonin Inc., #802 Bodeum Hall, Kangwondaehakgil 1, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"444","DOI":"10.3904\/kjm.2012.83.4.444","article-title":"The latest in Sarcopenia: Sarcopenia","volume":"83","author":"Hong","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Korean Intern. Med."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1194","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2013.05.039","article-title":"The hallmarks of aging","volume":"153","author":"Blasco","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S4","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/glu057","article-title":"Chronic inflammation (inflammaging) and its potential contribution to age-associated diseases","volume":"69","author":"Franceschi","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Gerontol. A Biol. Sci. Med. Sci."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"505","DOI":"10.1038\/s41569-018-0064-2","article-title":"Inflammageing: Chronic inflammation in ageing, cardiovascular disease, and frailty","volume":"15","author":"Ferrucci","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"703","DOI":"10.1177\/039463200601900401","article-title":"Sarcopenia: Age-related skeletal muscle changes from determinants to physical disability","volume":"19","author":"Abate","year":"2006","journal-title":"Int. J. Immunopathol. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"294","DOI":"10.1159\/000356760","article-title":"Sarcopenia, cachexia and aging: Diagnosis, mechanisms and therapeutic options\u2014A mini-review","volume":"60","author":"Ali","year":"2014","journal-title":"Gerontology"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cjtee.2019.02.001","article-title":"The mechanisms and treatments of muscular pathological changes in immobilization-induced joint contracture: A literature review","volume":"22","author":"Wang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Chin. J. Traumatol."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2017.10.022","article-title":"Muscle-protective effects of Schisandrae Fructus extracts in old mice after chronic forced exercise","volume":"212","author":"Kim","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.3892\/ijmm.2015.2200","article-title":"The administration of Fructus Schisandrae attenuates dexamethasone-induced muscle atrophy in mice","volume":"36","author":"Kim","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Med."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"458","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2007.11.001","article-title":"FoxO3 controls autophagy in skeletal muscle in vivo","volume":"6","author":"Mammucari","year":"2007","journal-title":"Cell Metab."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"434","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2011.05.152","article-title":"Acupuncture ameliorated skeletal muscle atrophy induced by hindlimb suspension in mice","volume":"410","author":"Onda","year":"2011","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yoshida, T., and Delafontaine, P. (2020). Mechanisms of IGF-1-mediated regulation of skeletal muscle hypertrophy and atrophy. Cells, 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/cells9091970"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e124952","DOI":"10.1172\/jci.insight.124952","article-title":"Hyperglycemia induces skeletal muscle atrophy via a wwp1\/klf15 axis","volume":"4","author":"Hirata","year":"2019","journal-title":"JCI Insight"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mce.2013.03.003","article-title":"Metabolic functions of glucocorticoid receptor in skeletal muscle","volume":"380","author":"Kuo","year":"2013","journal-title":"Mol. Cell. Endocrinol."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3866","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2002-220188","article-title":"Dexamethasone and tumor necrosis factor-\u03b1 act together to induce the cellular inhibitor of apoptosis-2 gene and prevent apoptosis in a variety of cell types","volume":"143","author":"Webster","year":"2002","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"ref_16","first-page":"12","article-title":"Is dexamethasone-induced muscle atrophy an alternative model for naturally aged sarcopenia model?","volume":"39","author":"Wang","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Orthop. Transl."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mam.2016.04.006","article-title":"Muscle wasting and aging: Experimental models, fatty infiltrations, and prevention","volume":"50","author":"Brioche","year":"2016","journal-title":"Mol. Asp. Med."},{"key":"ref_18","first-page":"792","article-title":"Glucocorticoids and aging","volume":"96","author":"Wang","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Med. Assoc."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2163","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2013.05.036","article-title":"Glucocorticoid-induced skeletal muscle atrophy","volume":"45","author":"Schakman","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int. J. Biochem. Cell Biol."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1495","DOI":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2013.05.018","article-title":"Suppression of atrogin-1 and MuRF1 prevents dexamethasone-induced atrophy of cultured myotubes","volume":"62","author":"Castillero","year":"2013","journal-title":"Metab. Clin. Exp."},{"key":"ref_21","first-page":"1479","article-title":"Induction of muscle atrophy by dexamethasone and hydrogen peroxide in differentiated C2C12 myotubes","volume":"27","author":"Park","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Life Sci."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jnutbio.2017.04.008","article-title":"Long-term intake of a high-protein diet increases liver triacylglycerol deposition pathways and hepatic signs of injury in rats","volume":"46","author":"Keijer","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Nutr. Biochem."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"789","DOI":"10.1016\/S0149-2918(01)80070-9","article-title":"Review of oxymetholone: A 17\u03b1-alkylated anabolic-androgenic steroid","volume":"23","author":"Pavlatos","year":"2001","journal-title":"Clin. Ther."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"667","DOI":"10.1080\/00365510802126844","article-title":"Acute variation of biochemical markers of muscle damage following a 21-km, half-marathon run","volume":"68","author":"Lippi","year":"2008","journal-title":"Scand. J. Clin. Lab. Investig."},{"key":"ref_25","unstructured":"Duke, J.A. (1985). Handbook of Medicinal Herbs, CRC Press. [2nd ed.]."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117285","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2023.117285","article-title":"Ulmus macrocarpa Hance trunk bark extracts inhibit RANKL-induced osteoclast differentiation and prevent ovariectomy-induced osteoporosis in mice","volume":"319","author":"Jeong","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1459","DOI":"10.1007\/s12272-011-0907-4","article-title":"Antioxidative and anti-inflammatory effects of phenolic compounds from the roots of Ulmus macrocarpa","volume":"34","author":"Kwon","year":"2011","journal-title":"Arch. Pharmacal Res."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1019","DOI":"10.1089\/jmf.2009.1207","article-title":"Isolation and anti-inflammatory activity of Bakuchiol from Ulmus davidiana var. japonica","volume":"13","author":"Choi","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Med. Food"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2018.11.042","article-title":"Ulmus macrocarpa Hance improves benign prostatic hyperplasia by regulating prostatic cell apoptosis","volume":"233","author":"Rho","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"key":"ref_30","first-page":"888","article-title":"Chemotaxonomic significance of catechin 7-O-beta-D-apiofuranoside in Ulmus Species","volume":"48","author":"Kim","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Korean WST"},{"key":"ref_31","first-page":"893","article-title":"Antioxidative activities and nitrite scavenging abilities of extracts from Ulmus davidiana","volume":"29","author":"Lee","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Kor. Soc. Food Sci. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"608","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2013.01.035","article-title":"Anti-inflammatory and immune-modulating effect of Ulmus davidiana var. japonica Nakai extract on a macrophage cell line and immune cells in the mouse small intestine","volume":"146","author":"Lee","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"key":"ref_33","first-page":"199","article-title":"In vivo anti-tumor activity of mansonone E isolated from Ulmus davidiana var. japonica NAKAI","volume":"35","author":"Lee","year":"2004","journal-title":"Kor. J. Pharmacogn."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.11002\/kjfp.2012.19.1.104","article-title":"Physiological activities of Yu-geun-pi extract","volume":"19","author":"Jeong","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Kor. Food Sci Preserv. FSP"},{"key":"ref_35","first-page":"547","article-title":"Separation of glycoprotein and its anticancer immunostimulat ing activity from dried barks of slippery elm [Ulmus parvifolia]","volume":"16","author":"Yang","year":"2001","journal-title":"Kor. J. Biotechnol. Bioeng."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kwon, Y.-E., Choi, S.-E., and Park, K.-H. (2022). Regulation of Cytokines and Dihydrotestosterone Production in Human Hair Follicle Papilla Cells by Supercritical Extraction-Residues Extract of Ulmus davidiana. Molecules, 27.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules27041419"},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kim, M.S., Park, S.M., Kwon, Y.U., Kim, T.H., Lee, C.H., Jang, H.D., Kim, E.J., Jung, J.I., Min, S.G., and Park, G.H. Effects of Ulmus macrocarpa extract and catechin 7-O-\u03b2-D-apiofuranoside on muscle loss and muscle atrophy in C2C12 murine skeletal muscle cells. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 2024. submitted.","DOI":"10.3390\/cimb46080491"},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8925","DOI":"10.3390\/cimb45110560","article-title":"Fenbendazole Exhibits Differential Anticancer Effects In Vitro and In Vivo in Models of Mouse Lymphoma","volume":"45","author":"Jung","year":"2023","journal-title":"Curr. Issues Mol. Biol."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2281","DOI":"10.4161\/cc.29272","article-title":"Dexamethasone-induced autophagy mediates muscle atrophy through mitochondrial clearance","volume":"13","author":"Troncoso","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cell Cycle"},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6670","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms7670","article-title":"Regulation of autophagy and the ubiquitin\u2013proteasome system by the FoxO transcriptional network during muscle atrophy","volume":"6","author":"Milan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1016\/S1097-2765(04)00211-4","article-title":"The IGF-1\/PI3K\/Akt pathway prevents expression of muscle atrophy-induced ubiquitin ligases by inhibiting FOXO transcription factors","volume":"14","author":"Stitt","year":"2004","journal-title":"Mol. Cell"},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1016\/S0928-4680(00)00053-5","article-title":"Oxidative stress and apoptosis","volume":"7","author":"Kannan","year":"2000","journal-title":"Pathophysiology"},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7151","DOI":"10.1093\/emboj\/17.24.7151","article-title":"The ubiquitin-proteasome pathway: On protein death and cell life","volume":"17","author":"Ciechanover","year":"1998","journal-title":"EMBO J."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E469","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.00204.2014","article-title":"Skeletal muscle atrophy and the E3 ubiquitin ligases MuRF1 and MAFbx\/atrogin-1","volume":"307","author":"Bodine","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Physiol. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4361","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-014-1689-x","article-title":"Myostatin and the skeletal muscle atrophy and hypertrophy signaling pathways","volume":"71","author":"Rodriguez","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cell. Mol. Life Sci."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semcdb.2017.11.011","article-title":"Function of the myogenic regulatory factors Myf5, MyoD, Myogenin and MRF4 in skeletal muscle, satellite cells and regenerative myogenesis","volume":"Volume 72","author":"Zammit","year":"2017","journal-title":"Seminars in Cell & Developmental Biology"},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1097\/AIA.0b013e318034194e","article-title":"Cytokines, inflammation, and pain","volume":"45","author":"Zhang","year":"2007","journal-title":"Int. Anesthesiol. Clin."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhang, H., Qi, G., Wang, K., Yang, J., Shen, Y., Yang, X., Chen, X., Yao, X., Gu, X., and Qi, L. (2023). Oxidative stress: Roles in skeletal muscle atrophy. Biochem. Pharmacol., 214.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2023.115664"},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"577","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jnutbio.2005.05.013","article-title":"Novel mechanisms of natural antioxidant compounds in biological systems: Involvement of glutathione and glutathione-related enzymes","volume":"16","author":"Masella","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Nutr. Biochem."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"298","DOI":"10.4162\/nrp.2022.16.3.298","article-title":"Gynostemma pentaphyllum Extract and Its Active Component Gypenoside L. Improve the Exercise Performance of Treadmill-Trained Mice","volume":"16","author":"Kim","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nutr. Res. Pract."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lee, H.S., Lim, S.-M., Jung, J.I., Kim, S.M., Lee, J.K., Kim, Y.H., Cha, K.M., Oh, T.K., Moon, J.M., and Kim, T.Y. (2019). Gynostemma Pentaphyllum Extract Ameliorates High-Fat Diet-Induced Obesity in C57BL\/6N Mice by Upregulating SIRT1. Nutrients, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu11102475"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Molecular Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1422-0067\/25\/11\/6197\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T14:53:44Z","timestamp":1760108024000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1422-0067\/25\/11\/6197"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,4]]},"references-count":51,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,6]]}},"alternative-id":["ijms25116197"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms25116197","relation":{},"ISSN":["1422-0067"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1422-0067","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,4]]}}}