{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,19]],"date-time":"2026-10-19T20:26:48Z","timestamp":1792441608171,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":139,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,4]],"date-time":"2024-06-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1717459200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"EU\u2019s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Program","award":["739593"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["739593"]}]},{"name":"EU\u2019s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Program","award":["OTKA FK138696"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["OTKA FK138696"]}]},{"name":"STIA-KFI grant from Semmelweis University","award":["739593"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["739593"]}]},{"name":"STIA-KFI grant from Semmelweis University","award":["OTKA FK138696"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["OTKA FK138696"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The skin\u2013brain axis has been suggested to play a role in several pathophysiological conditions, including opioid addiction, Parkinson\u2019s disease and many others. Recent evidence suggests that pathways regulating skin pigmentation may directly and indirectly regulate behaviour. Conversely, CNS-driven neural and hormonal responses have been demonstrated to regulate pigmentation, e.g., under stress. Additionally, due to the shared neuroectodermal origins of the melanocytes and neurons in the CNS, certain CNS diseases may be linked to pigmentation-related changes due to common regulators, e.g., MC1R variations. Furthermore, the HPA analogue of the skin connects skin pigmentation to the endocrine system, thereby allowing the skin to index possible hormonal abnormalities visibly. In this review, insight is provided into skin pigment production and neuromelanin synthesis in the brain and recent findings are summarised on how signalling pathways in the skin, with a particular focus on pigmentation, are interconnected with the central nervous system. Thus, this review may supply a better understanding of the mechanism of several skin\u2013brain associations in health and disease.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25116199","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,4]],"date-time":"2024-06-04T11:48:50Z","timestamp":1717501730000},"page":"6199","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["The Skin\u2013Brain Axis: From UV and Pigmentation to Behaviour Modulation"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Anna A.","family":"Ascsill\u00e1n","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Dermatooncology, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary"},{"name":"HCEMM-SU Translational Dermatology Research Group, Semmelweis University, 1094 Budapest, Hungary"},{"name":"Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, 1094 Budapest, Hungary"},{"name":"Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lajos V.","family":"Kem\u00e9ny","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Dermatooncology, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary"},{"name":"HCEMM-SU Translational Dermatology Research Group, Semmelweis University, 1094 Budapest, Hungary"},{"name":"Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, 1094 Budapest, Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Lopez-Ojeda, W., Pandey, A., Alhajj, M., and Oakley, A.M. 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