{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T08:14:38Z","timestamp":1787732078460,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,7]],"date-time":"2024-06-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1717718400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"JSPS Fellows","award":["19J14665"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["19J14665"]}]},{"name":"JSPS Fellows","award":["18K05656"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["18K05656"]}]},{"name":"JSPS KAKENHI","award":["19J14665"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["19J14665"]}]},{"name":"JSPS KAKENHI","award":["18K05656"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["18K05656"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Various metabolites, including phytohormones, phytoalexins, and amino acids, take part in the plant immune system. Herein, we analyzed the effects of L-methionine (Met), a sulfur-containing amino acid, on the plant immune system in tomato. Treatment with low concentrations of Met enhanced the resistance of tomato to a broad range of diseases caused by the hemi-biotrophic bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato (Pst) and the necrotrophic fungal pathogen Botrytis cinerea (Bc), although it did not induce the production of any antimicrobial substances against these pathogens in tomato leaf tissues. Analyses of gene expression and phytohormone accumulation indicated that Met treatment alone did not activate the defense signals mediated by salicylic acid, jasmonic acid, and ethylene. However, the salicylic acid-responsive defense gene and the jasmonic acid-responsive gene were induced more rapidly in Met-treated plants after infection with Pst and Bc, respectively. These findings suggest that low concentrations of Met have a priming effect on the phytohormone-mediated immune system in tomato.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25126315","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,7]],"date-time":"2024-06-07T08:05:17Z","timestamp":1717747517000},"page":"6315","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Priming of Immune System in Tomato by Treatment with Low Concentration of L-Methionine"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Tomoya","family":"Tanaka","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Fukui Prefectural University, Fukui 910-1195, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-0994-7591","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Moeka","family":"Fujita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Fukui Prefectural University, Fukui 910-1195, Japan"},{"name":"Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4151-6698","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Miyuki","family":"Kusajima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8567, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Futo","family":"Narita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Fukui Prefectural University, Fukui 910-1195, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tadao","family":"Asami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8567, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3240-2843","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Akiko","family":"Maruyama-Nakashita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masami","family":"Nakajima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School of Agriculture, Ibaraki University, Ibaraki 300-0393, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hideo","family":"Nakashita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Fukui Prefectural University, Fukui 910-1195, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1016\/S1369-5266(02)00275-3","article-title":"Cross talk between signaling pathways in pathogen defense","volume":"5","author":"Kunkel","year":"2002","journal-title":"Curr. 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