{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T19:46:17Z","timestamp":1792179977616,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":237,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,8]],"date-time":"2024-06-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1717804800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000024","name":"Canadian Institutes of Health Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PJT-165852"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PJT-165852"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000024","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Astrocyte dysfunctions have been consistently observed in patients affected with depression and other psychiatric illnesses. Although over the years our understanding of these changes, their origin, and their consequences on behavior and neuronal function has deepened, many aspects of the role of astroglial dysfunction in major depressive disorder (MDD) and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) remain unknown. In this review, we summarize the known astroglial dysfunctions associated with MDD and PTSD, highlight the impact of chronic stress on specific astroglial functions, and how astroglial dysfunctions are implicated in the expression of depressive- and anxiety-like behaviors, focusing on behavioral consequences of astroglial manipulation on emotion-related and fear-learning behaviors. We also offer a glance at potential astroglial functions that can be targeted for potential antidepressant treatment.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25126357","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,10]],"date-time":"2024-06-10T10:08:43Z","timestamp":1718014123000},"page":"6357","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Astroglial Dysfunctions in Mood Disorders and Rodent Stress Models: Consequences on Behavior and Potential as Treatment Target"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Yashika","family":"Bansal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, ON M5T 1R8, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sierra A.","family":"Codeluppi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, ON M5T 1R8, Canada"},{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 2C8, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mounira","family":"Banasr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, ON M5T 1R8, Canada"},{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 2C8, Canada"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M2J 4A6, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"3512","article-title":"Astrocyte-Synapse Interactions and Cell Adhesion Molecules","volume":"290","author":"Goda","year":"2022","journal-title":"FEBS J."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00042.2016","article-title":"Physiology of Astroglia","volume":"98","author":"Verkhratsky","year":"2018","journal-title":"Physiol. Rev."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S106","DOI":"10.5213\/inj.1836214.107","article-title":"New Roles for Old Glue: Astrocyte Function in Synaptic Plasticity and Neurological Disorders","volume":"22","author":"Hussaini","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. Neurourol. J."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-61779-452-0_3","article-title":"Heterogeneity of Astrocytic Form and Function","volume":"814","author":"Oberheim","year":"2012","journal-title":"Methods Mol. Biol."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"eadc9020","DOI":"10.1126\/science.adc9020","article-title":"Molecular Basis of Astrocyte Diversity and Morphology across the CNS in Health and Disease","volume":"378","author":"Endo","year":"2022","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Qian, Z., Qin, J., Lai, Y., Zhang, C., and Zhang, X. (2023). Large-Scale Integration of Single-Cell RNA-Seq Data Reveals Astrocyte Diversity and Transcriptomic Modules across Six Central Nervous System Disorders. Biomolecules, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/biom13040692"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1298","DOI":"10.1007\/s11064-020-02959-7","article-title":"Astrocyte Diversity: Current Insights and Future Directions","volume":"45","author":"Westergard","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neurochem. Res."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1007\/s00401-021-02391-3","article-title":"Heterogeneity of White Matter Astrocytes in the Human Brain","volume":"143","author":"Bugiani","year":"2022","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1007\/s11064-019-02926-x","article-title":"Heterogeneity of Astrocytes in Grey and White Matter","volume":"46","author":"Winkler","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neurochem. Res."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1007\/s00401-009-0619-8","article-title":"Astrocytes: Biology and Pathology","volume":"119","author":"Sofroniew","year":"2010","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1186\/s13041-021-00865-9","article-title":"S100B Is Selectively Expressed by Gray Matter Protoplasmic Astrocytes and Myelinating Oligodendrocytes in the Developing CNS","volume":"14","author":"Du","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mol. Brain"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"364","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tins.2015.04.003","article-title":"Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein: From Intermediate Filament Assembly and Gliosis to Neurobiomarker","volume":"38","author":"Yang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Trends Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-020-02045-3","article-title":"Transcriptional Heterogeneity between Primary Adult Grey and White Matter Astrocytes Underlie Differences in Modulation of In Vitro Myelination","volume":"17","author":"Werkman","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Neuroinflammation"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"312","DOI":"10.1038\/s41593-020-00783-4","article-title":"Reactive Astrocyte Nomenclature, Definitions, and Future Directions","volume":"24","author":"Escartin","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"758","DOI":"10.1016\/j.it.2020.07.004","article-title":"Astrocyte Reactivity: Subtypes, States, and Functions in CNS Innate Immunity","volume":"41","author":"Sofroniew","year":"2020","journal-title":"Trends Immunol."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105080","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2021.105080","article-title":"A1\/A2 Astrocytes in Central Nervous System Injuries and Diseases: Angels or Devils?","volume":"148","author":"Fan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neurochem. Int."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"El Fatimi, H., and Khalki, L. (2023). Involvement of Glial Cells in the Pathophysiology and Treatment of Depression. Physiology and Function of Glial Cells in Health and Disease, IGI Global.","DOI":"10.4018\/978-1-6684-9675-6.ch017"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1172","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2013.03.032","article-title":"From Pathophysiology to Novel Antidepressant Drugs: Glial Contributions to the Pathology and Treatment of Mood Disorders","volume":"73","author":"Sanacora","year":"2013","journal-title":"Biol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2021.04.004","article-title":"Macro- and Microscale Stress\u2013Associated Alterations in Brain Structure: Translational Link with Depression","volume":"90","author":"Banasr","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"953","DOI":"10.1007\/s12264-022-00845-6","article-title":"Astrocytes in Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder","volume":"38","author":"Li","year":"2022","journal-title":"Neurosci. Bull."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.3389\/fnmol.2019.00136","article-title":"Astrocyte, a Promising Target for Mood Disorder Interventions","volume":"12","author":"Zhou","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Mol. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"665","DOI":"10.1111\/cns.13123","article-title":"Astrocyte Morphology: Diversity, Plasticity, and Role in Neurological Diseases","volume":"25","author":"Zhou","year":"2019","journal-title":"CNS Neurosci. Ther."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.0733-19.2019","article-title":"Revisiting the Stress Concept: Implications for Affective Disorders","volume":"40","author":"McEwen","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2009.10.002","article-title":"Allostatic Load Biomarkers of Chronic Stress and Impact on Health and Cognition","volume":"35","author":"Juster","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1590\/1980-57642018dn13-010002","article-title":"How Stress Mediators Can Cumulatively Contribute to Alzheimer\u2019s Disease an Allostatic Load Approach","volume":"13","author":"Matos","year":"2019","journal-title":"Dement. Neuropsychol."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2470547017692328","DOI":"10.1177\/2470547017692328","article-title":"Neurobiological and Systemic Effects of Chronic Stress","volume":"1","author":"McEwen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Chronic Stress"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"869779","DOI":"10.3389\/fncel.2022.869779","article-title":"Astroglia in the Vulnerability to and Maintenance of Stress-Mediated Neuropathology and Depression","volume":"16","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Cell Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2014","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-15778-9","article-title":"Stress Gates an Astrocytic Energy Reservoir to Impair Synaptic Plasticity","volume":"11","author":"Johnston","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.2012.06633.x","article-title":"Glucocorticoid Regulation of Inflammation and Its Functional Correlates: From HPA Axis to Glucocorticoid Receptor Dysfunction","volume":"1261","author":"Silverman","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.31887\/DCNS.2006.8.4\/ssmith","article-title":"The Role of the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis in Neuroendocrine Responses to Stress","volume":"8","author":"Smith","year":"2006","journal-title":"Dialogues Clin. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1038\/s41398-018-0300-x","article-title":"Glucocorticoid Receptor Signaling in Astrocytes Is Required for Aversive Memory Formation","volume":"8","author":"Tertil","year":"2018","journal-title":"Transl. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2021.11.022","article-title":"Glucocorticoid Receptor-Dependent Astrocytes Mediate Stress Vulnerability","volume":"92","author":"Lu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Biol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1806","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.23610","article-title":"Stress-Induced Structural and Functional Modifications of Astrocytes-Further Implicating Glia in the Central Response to Stress","volume":"67","author":"Gordon","year":"2019","journal-title":"Glia"},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1719050","DOI":"10.1155\/2017\/1719050","article-title":"Astrocytes at the Hub of the Stress Response: Potential Modulation of Neurogenesis by MiRNAs in Astrocyte-Derived Exosomes","volume":"2017","author":"Luarte","year":"2017","journal-title":"Stem Cells Int."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-017-2591-0","article-title":"Stress-Induced Changes in MiRNA Biogenesis and Functioning","volume":"75","author":"Olejniczak","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cell Mol. Life Sci."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1129186","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2023.1129186","article-title":"The Role of MicroRNAs in Depression","volume":"14","author":"Ding","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Luarte, A., Henzi, R., Fern\u00e1ndez, A., Gaete, D., Cisternas, P., Pizarro, M., Batiz, L.F., Villalobos, I., Masalleras, M., and Vergara, R. (2020). Astrocyte-Derived Small Extracellular Vesicles Regulate Dendritic Complexity through MiR-26a-5p Activity. Cells, 9.","DOI":"10.20944\/preprints202002.0250.v1"},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuro.2020.12.006","article-title":"Astrocyte-Derived Exosomes Carry MicroRNA-17-5p to Protect Neonatal Rats from Hypoxic-Ischemic Brain Damage via Inhibiting BNIP-2 Expression","volume":"83","author":"Du","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neurotoxicology"},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2201203","DOI":"10.1002\/adhm.202201203","article-title":"Small Extracellular Vesicles Secreted by Nigrostriatal Astrocytes Rescue Cell Death and Preserve Mitochondrial Function in Parkinson\u2019s Disease","volume":"11","author":"Leggio","year":"2022","journal-title":"Adv. Healthc. Mater."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"703","DOI":"10.1080\/14728222.2018.1501473","article-title":"Potential Neuroprotective Role of Astroglial Exosomes against Smoking-Induced Oxidative Stress and HIV-1 Replication in the Central Nervous System","volume":"22","author":"Ranjit","year":"2018","journal-title":"Expert. Opin. Ther. Targets"},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Weiss Roberts, L. (2019). Textbook of Psychiatry, The American Psychiatric Association Publishing. [7th ed.].","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.books.9781615372980"},{"key":"ref_42","first-page":"227","article-title":"Comorbidity of Depressive and Anxiety Disorders: Challenges in Diagnosis and Assessment","volume":"26","author":"Wu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Shanghai Arch. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_43","first-page":"244","article-title":"The Comorbidity of Major Depression and Anxiety Disorders: Recognition and Management in Primary Care","volume":"3","author":"Hirschfeld","year":"2001","journal-title":"Prim. Care Companion J. Clin. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Groen, R.N., Ryan, O., Wigman, J.T.W., Riese, H., Penninx, B.W.J.H., Giltay, E.J., Wichers, M., and Hartman, C.A. (2020). Comorbidity between Depression and Anxiety: Assessing the Role of Bridge Mental States in Dynamic Psychological Networks. BMC Med., 18.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12916-020-01738-z"},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.10m06176blu","article-title":"Comorbidity Patterns of Anxiety and Depressive Disorders in a Large Cohort Study: The Netherlands Study of Depression and Anxiety (NESDA)","volume":"72","author":"Lamers","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Clin. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1225","DOI":"10.2174\/13894501113149990156","article-title":"Astrocyte Pathology in Major Depressive Disorder: Insights from Human Postmortem Brain Tissue","volume":"14","author":"Rajkowska","year":"2013","journal-title":"Curr. Drug Targets"},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"585","DOI":"10.1016\/S0361-9230(01)00527-5","article-title":"Glial Cell Abnormalities in Major Psychiatric Disorders: The Evidence and Implications","volume":"55","author":"Cotter","year":"2001","journal-title":"Brain Res. Bull."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"386","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/12.4.386","article-title":"Reduced Neuronal Size and Glial Cell Density in Area 9 of the Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex in Subjects with Major Depressive Disorder","volume":"12","author":"Cotter","year":"2002","journal-title":"Cereb. Cortex"},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13290","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.95.22.13290","article-title":"Glial Reduction in the Subgenual Prefrontal Cortex in Mood Disorders","volume":"95","author":"Drevets","year":"1998","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1085","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-3223(99)00041-4","article-title":"Morphometric Evidence for Neuronal and Glial Prefrontal Cell Pathology in Major Depression","volume":"45","author":"Rajkowska","year":"1999","journal-title":"Biol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"328","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2011.03.042","article-title":"A Morphometric Study of Glia and Neurons in the Anterior Cingulate Cortex in Mood Disorder","volume":"133","author":"Gittins","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Affect. Disord."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2015.12.044","article-title":"Density of GFAP-Immunoreactive Astrocytes Is Decreased in Left Hippocampi in Major Depressive Disorder","volume":"316","author":"Cobb","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"640963","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2021.640963","article-title":"Widespread Decrease of Cerebral Vimentin-Immunoreactive Astrocytes in Depressed Suicides","volume":"12","author":"Belliveau","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1017\/S1041610210000700","article-title":"A Morphometric Examination of Neuronal and Glial Cell Pathology in the Orbitofrontal Cortex in Late-Life Depression","volume":"23","author":"Khundakar","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int. Psychogeriatr."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pscychresns.2011.04.008","article-title":"Cellular Pathology within the Anterior Cingulate Cortex of Patients with Late-Life Depression: A Morphometric Study","volume":"194","author":"Khundakar","year":"2011","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res. Neuroimaging"},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2012.10.020","article-title":"Hippocampal Volume and Total Cell Numbers in Major Depressive Disorder","volume":"47","author":"Cobb","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Psychiatr. Res."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2010.06.003","article-title":"Glial and Glutamatergic Markers in Depression, Alcoholism, and Their Comorbidity","volume":"127","author":"Waltzer","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Affect. Disord."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"320","DOI":"10.1038\/mp.2014.21","article-title":"Astrocytic Abnormalities and Global DNA Methylation Patterns in Depression and Suicide","volume":"20","author":"Nagy","year":"2015","journal-title":"Mol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2088","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.npp.1300525","article-title":"Age-Dependent Reductions in the Level of Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein in the Prefrontal Cortex in Major Depression","volume":"29","author":"Si","year":"2004","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2018.04.005","article-title":"Astrocyte Pathology in the Ventral Prefrontal White Matter in Depression","volume":"102","author":"Rajkowska","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Psychiatr. Res."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1121","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-3223(02)01439-7","article-title":"Glia Pathology in the Prefrontal Cortex in Alcohol Dependence with and without Depressive Symptoms","volume":"52","author":"Wei","year":"2002","journal-title":"Biol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"613","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2012.09.024","article-title":"Coverage of Blood Vessels by Astrocytic Endfeet Is Reduced in Major Depressive Disorder","volume":"73","author":"Rajkowska","year":"2013","journal-title":"Biol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"308","DOI":"10.1038\/s41398-021-01423-6","article-title":"Increased GFAP Concentrations in the Cerebrospinal Fluid of Patients with Unipolar Depression","volume":"11","author":"Michel","year":"2021","journal-title":"Transl. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.mp.4002110","article-title":"Altered Expression of Genes Involved in ATP Biosynthesis and GABAergic Neurotransmission in the Ventral Prefrontal Cortex of Suicides with and without Major Depression","volume":"14","author":"Klempan","year":"2009","journal-title":"Mol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1694","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2013.07.005","article-title":"S100B-Immunopositive Astrocytes and Oligodendrocytes in the Hippocampus Are Differentially Afflicted in Unipolar and Bipolar Depression: A Postmortem Study","volume":"47","author":"Gos","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Psychiatr. Res."},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1675","DOI":"10.1097\/00001756-200209160-00021","article-title":"S100B Is Increased in Mood Disorders and May Be Reduced by Antidepressive Treatment","volume":"13","author":"Schroeter","year":"2002","journal-title":"Neuroreport"},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"456","DOI":"10.1080\/15622975.2021.2013042","article-title":"V Correlation between S100B and Severity of Depression in MDD: A Meta-Analysis","volume":"23","author":"Tural","year":"2022","journal-title":"World J. Biol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kozlowski, T., Bargiel, W., Grabarczyk, M., and Skibinska, M. (2023). Peripheral S100B Protein Levels in Five Major Psychiatric Disorders: A Systematic Review. Brain Sci., 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci13091334"},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.1111\/cns.12517","article-title":"Increased Plasma S100\u03b2 Level in Patients with Major Depressive Disorder","volume":"22","author":"Fang","year":"2016","journal-title":"CNS Neurosci. Ther."},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-0327(00)00321-9","article-title":"S-100B Is Increased in Melancholic but Not in Non-Melancholic Major Depression","volume":"66","author":"Rothermundt","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Affect. Disord."},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.3109\/15622975.2014.952776","article-title":"Elevated Levels of Cerebrospinal Fluid Neuron-Specific Enolase (NSE), but Not S100B in Major Depressive Disorder","volume":"16","author":"Schmidt","year":"2015","journal-title":"World J. Biol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"468","DOI":"10.1093\/ijnp\/pyac016","article-title":"High S100B Levels Predict Antidepressant Response in Patients with Major Depression even When Considering Inflammatory and Metabolic Markers","volume":"25","author":"Oriolo","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Neuropsychopharmacol."},{"key":"ref_73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Levchuk, L.A., Roschina, O.V., Mikhalitskaya, E.V., Epimakhova, E.V., Simutkin, G.G., Bokhan, N.A., and Ivanova, S.A. (2023). Serum Levels of S100B Protein and Myelin Basic Protein as a Potential Biomarkers of Recurrent Depressive Disorders. J. Pers. Med., 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/jpm13091423"},{"key":"ref_74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"607","DOI":"10.1017\/S1461145705006085","article-title":"Decreased Levels of Whole Blood Glial Cell Line-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (GDNF) in Remitted Patients with Mood Disorders","volume":"9","author":"Takebayashi","year":"2006","journal-title":"Int. J. Neuropsychopharmacol."},{"key":"ref_75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Duarte Azevedo, M., Sander, S., and Tenenbaum, L. (2020). GDNF, A Neuron-Derived Factor Upregulated in Glial Cells during Disease. J. Clin. Med., 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm9020456"},{"key":"ref_76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2638","DOI":"10.1007\/s11064-021-03266-5","article-title":"Glial Cell Line-Derived Neurotrophic Factor and Focal Ischemic Stroke","volume":"46","author":"Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neurochem. Res."},{"key":"ref_77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"312","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2011.03.038","article-title":"Dysfunction of Astrocyte Connexins 30 and 43 in Dorsal Lateral Prefrontal Cortex of Suicide Completers","volume":"70","author":"Ernst","year":"2011","journal-title":"Biol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2014.04.007","article-title":"Reduced Connexin 43 Immunolabeling in the Orbitofrontal Cortex in Alcohol Dependence and Depression","volume":"55","author":"Wilson","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Psychiatr. Res."},{"key":"ref_79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2012.06.045","article-title":"Connexin-Based Intercellular Communication and Astrocyte Heterogeneity","volume":"1487","author":"Theis","year":"2012","journal-title":"Brain Res."},{"key":"ref_80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"551","DOI":"10.1038\/s41583-020-0361-8","article-title":"Making Sense of Astrocytic Calcium Signals\u2014from Acquisition to Interpretation","volume":"21","author":"Semyanov","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-physiol-021909-135843","article-title":"Integrated Brain Circuits: Astrocytic Networks Modulate Neuronal Activity and Behavior","volume":"72","author":"Halassa","year":"2010","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9364","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1249-20.2020","article-title":"Mechanosensory Signaling in Astrocytes","volume":"40","author":"Turovsky","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"536","DOI":"10.1016\/S0166-2236(03)00237-6","article-title":"New Roles for Astrocytes: Regulation of Synaptic Transmission","volume":"26","author":"Newman","year":"2003","journal-title":"Trends Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shen, W., Chen, S., Liu, Y., Han, P., Ma, T., and Zeng, L.H. (2021). Chemogenetic Manipulation of Astrocytic Activity: Is It Possible to Reveal the Roles of Astrocytes?. Biochem. Pharmacol., 186.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2021.114457"},{"key":"ref_85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jurga, A.M., Paleczna, M., Kadluczka, J., and Kuter, K.Z. (2021). Beyond the GFAP-Astrocyte Protein Markers in the Brain. Biomolecules, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/biom11091361"},{"key":"ref_86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hayashi, M.K. (2018). Structure-Function Relationship of Transporters in the Glutamate-Glutamine Cycle of the Central Nervous System. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 19.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms19041177"},{"key":"ref_87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107559","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2019.03.002","article-title":"The Role of Astrocytic Glutamate Transporters GLT-1 and GLAST in Neurological Disorders: Potential Targets for Neurotherapeutics","volume":"161","author":"Pajarillo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neuropharmacology"},{"key":"ref_88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15653","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0507901102","article-title":"Altered Cortical Glutamatergic and GABAergic Signal Transmission with Glial Involvement in Depression","volume":"102","author":"Choudary","year":"2005","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1310","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2007.03.017","article-title":"Increased Levels of Glutamate in Brains from Patients with Mood Disorders","volume":"62","author":"Hashimoto","year":"2007","journal-title":"Biol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1038\/npp.2016.199","article-title":"Inflammation, Glutamate, and Glia: A Trio of Trouble in Mood Disorders","volume":"42","author":"Haroon","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"ref_91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn3138","article-title":"The Stressed Synapse: The Impact of Stress and Glucocorticoids on Glutamate Transmission","volume":"13","author":"Popoli","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2011.07.036","article-title":"Towards a Glutamate Hypothesis of Depression: An Emerging Frontier of Neuropsychopharmacology for Mood Disorders","volume":"62","author":"Sanacora","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neuropharmacology"},{"key":"ref_93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2008.10.005","article-title":"Reduced Levels of NR2A and NR2B Subunits of NMDA Receptor and PSD-95 in the Prefrontal Cortex in Major Depression","volume":"33","author":"Feyissa","year":"2009","journal-title":"Prog. Neuropsychopharmacol. Biol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"824","DOI":"10.1038\/mp.2017.58","article-title":"Ketamine-Induced Reduction in MGluR5 Availability Is Associated with an Antidepressant Response: An [11C] ABP688 and PET imaging study in depression","volume":"23","author":"Esterlis","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1042\/EBC20220208","article-title":"Astrocytes Regulate Inhibitory Neurotransmission through GABA Uptake, Metabolism, and Recycling","volume":"67","author":"Andersen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Essays Biochem."},{"key":"ref_96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2013.00059","article-title":"The Glutamate-Glutamine (GABA) Cycle: Importance of Late Postnatal Development and Potential Reciprocal Interactions between Biosynthesis and Degradation","volume":"4","author":"Hertz","year":"2013","journal-title":"Front. Endocrinol."},{"key":"ref_97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1082","DOI":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2015.04.025","article-title":"Prefrontal Cortical GABA Abnormalities Are Associated with Reduced Hippocampal Volume in Major Depressive Disorder","volume":"25","author":"Abdallah","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur. Neuropsychopharmacol."},{"key":"ref_98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"549","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2017.05.024","article-title":"Somatostatin-Positive Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid Interneuron Deficits in Depression: Cortical Microcircuit and Therapeutic Perspectives","volume":"82","author":"Fee","year":"2017","journal-title":"Biol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1038\/s41380-020-0727-3","article-title":"Altered GABA-Mediated Information Processing and Cognitive Dysfunctions in Depression and Other Brain Disorders","volume":"26","author":"Sibille","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-0327(81)90003-3","article-title":"Plasma GABA in Affective Illness","volume":"3","author":"Petty","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Affect. Disord."},{"key":"ref_101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"362","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.137.3.362","article-title":"GABA Levels in CSF of Patients with Psychiatric Disorders","volume":"137","author":"Gold","year":"1980","journal-title":"Am. J. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2019.03.013","article-title":"Altered Connectivity in Depression: GABA and Glutamate Neurotransmitter Deficits and Reversal by Novel Treatments","volume":"102","author":"Duman","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"ref_103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1098","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.138.8.1098","article-title":"CSF GABA in Normal Subjects and Patients with Depression, Schizophrenia, Mania, and Anorexia Nervosa","volume":"138","author":"Gerner","year":"1981","journal-title":"Am. J. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"494","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2012.01.013","article-title":"Gene Expression of GABA and Glutamate Pathway Markers in the Prefrontal Cortex of Non-Suicidal Elderly Depressed Patients","volume":"138","author":"Zhao","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Affect. Disord."},{"key":"ref_105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"675","DOI":"10.1038\/457675a","article-title":"Neuroscience: Glia\u2014More than Just Brain Glue","volume":"457","author":"Allen","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.440010103","article-title":"Nervenkitt: Notes on the History of the Concept of Neuroglia","volume":"1","author":"Somjen","year":"1988","journal-title":"Glia"},{"key":"ref_107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Takahashi, S. (2021). Neuroprotective Function of High Glycolytic Activity in Astrocytes: Common Roles in Stroke and Neurodegenerative Diseases. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 22.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22126568"},{"key":"ref_108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1155","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.1999.0471","article-title":"Cellular Mechanisms of Brain Energy Metabolism and Their Relevance to Functional Brain Imaging","volume":"354","author":"Magistretti","year":"1999","journal-title":"Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B Biol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1313","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.147.10.1313","article-title":"Left Prefrontal Glucose Hypometabolism in the Depressed State: A Confirmation","volume":"147","author":"Martinet","year":"1990","journal-title":"Am. J. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1016\/S0925-4927(99)00025-6","article-title":"Changes in Forebrain Function from Waking to REM Sleep in Depression: Preliminary Analyses [of 18F]FDG PET Studies","volume":"91","author":"Nofzinger","year":"1999","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res. Neuroimaging"},{"key":"ref_111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"370","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2006.06.050","article-title":"Major Depressive Disorder Viewed as a Dysfunction in Astroglial Bioenergetics","volume":"68","author":"Hundal","year":"2007","journal-title":"Med. Hypotheses"},{"key":"ref_112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2021.10.006","article-title":"Imaging of Astrocytes in Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: A PET Study with the Monoamine Oxidase B Radioligand [11C] SL25. 1188","volume":"54","author":"Gill","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur. Neuropsychopharmacol."},{"key":"ref_113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3075","DOI":"10.1038\/s41380-022-01544-4","article-title":"Integrating Human Brain Proteomes with Genome-Wide Association Data Implicates Novel Proteins in Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder","volume":"27","author":"Wingo","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"739","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.20220478","article-title":"Single-Nucleus Transcriptome Profiling of Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex: Mechanistic Roles for Neuronal Gene Expression, Including the 17q21.31 Locus, in PTSD Stress Response","volume":"180","author":"Chatzinakos","year":"2023","journal-title":"Am. J. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Atrooz, F., Alkadhi, K.A., and Salim, S. (2021). Understanding Stress: Insights from Rodent Models. Curr. Res. Neurobiol., 2.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.crneur.2021.100013"},{"key":"ref_116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S101","DOI":"10.1590\/1516-4446-2013-1139","article-title":"Animal Models of Anxiety Disorders and Stress","volume":"35","author":"Campos","year":"2013","journal-title":"Braz. J. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1383","DOI":"10.1007\/s00702-019-02084-y","article-title":"Animal Models of Major Depression: Drawbacks and Challenges","volume":"126","author":"Planchez","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Neural. Transm."},{"key":"ref_118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"863","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2008.06.008","article-title":"Glial Loss in the Prefrontal Cortex Is Sufficient to Induce Depressive-like Behaviors","volume":"64","author":"Banasr","year":"2008","journal-title":"Biol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"915","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2008.10.018","article-title":"Region Specific Decrease in Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein Immunoreactivity in the Brain of a Rat Model of Depression","volume":"159","author":"Gosselin","year":"2009","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"ref_120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2017.02.025","article-title":"Environmental Enrichment Ameliorates Chronic Immobilisation Stress-Induced Spatial Learning Deficits and Restores the Expression of BDNF, VEGF, GFAP and Glucocorticoid Receptors","volume":"76","author":"Shilpa","year":"2017","journal-title":"Prog. Neuropsychopharmacol. Biol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_121","first-page":"88","article-title":"Restraint Stress-Induced Morphological Changes at the Blood-Brain Barrier in Adult Rats","volume":"8","author":"Veszelka","year":"2016","journal-title":"Front. Mol. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1007\/s00401-013-1102-0","article-title":"Chronic Stress-Induced Disruption of the Astrocyte Network Is Driven by Structural Atrophy and Not Loss of Astrocytes","volume":"126","author":"Tynan","year":"2013","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol."},{"key":"ref_123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"842","DOI":"10.1093\/ijnp\/pyab052","article-title":"Chronic Stress Alters Astrocyte Morphology in Mouse Prefrontal Cortex","volume":"24","author":"Codeluppi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Neuropsychopharmacol."},{"key":"ref_124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1616","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.npp.1300982","article-title":"Astroglial Plasticity in the Hippocampus Is Affected by Chronic Psychosocial Stress and Concomitant Fluoxetine Treatment","volume":"31","author":"Simon","year":"2006","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"ref_125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2529","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-018-4936-2","article-title":"Glucocorticoid Receptor Activation Induces Decrease of Hippocampal Astrocyte Number in Rats","volume":"235","author":"Lou","year":"2018","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology"},{"key":"ref_126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-012-2741-x","article-title":"Chronic Psychosocial Stress and Citalopram Modulate the Expression of the Glial Proteins GFAP and NDRG2 in the Hippocampus","volume":"224","author":"Hiemke","year":"2012","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology"},{"key":"ref_127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-015-4128-2","article-title":"Regulation of Glutamate Transporter 1 via BDNF-TrkB Signaling Plays a Role in the Anti-Apoptotic and Antidepressant Effects of Ketamine in Chronic Unpredictable Stress Model of Depression","volume":"233","author":"Liu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology"},{"key":"ref_128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1007\/s12640-013-9411-6","article-title":"Foraging Activity Is Reduced in a Mouse Model of Depression","volume":"25","author":"Yang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neurotox. Res."},{"key":"ref_129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2011.07.055","article-title":"Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) Infusion Restored Astrocytic Plasticity in the Hippocampus of a Rat Model of Depression","volume":"503","author":"Ye","year":"2011","journal-title":"Neurosci. Lett."},{"key":"ref_130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"ENEURO.0338-18.2019","DOI":"10.1523\/ENEURO.0338-18.2019","article-title":"Stress Elicits Contrasting Effects on the Structure and Number of Astrocytes in the Amygdala versus Hippocampus","volume":"6","author":"Naskar","year":"2019","journal-title":"eNeuro"},{"key":"ref_131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Naskar, S., Datta, S., and Chattarji, S. (2022). Riluzole Prevents Stress-Induced Spine Plasticity in the Hippocampus but Mimics It in the Amygdala. Neurobiol. Stress., 18.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ynstr.2022.100442"},{"key":"ref_132","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2007.11.006","article-title":"The Repeated Immobilization Stress Increases IL-1beta Immunoreactivities in Only Neuron, but Not Astrocyte or Microglia in Hippocampal CA1 Region, Striatum and Paraventricular Nucleus","volume":"430","author":"Kwon","year":"2008","journal-title":"Neurosci. Lett."},{"key":"ref_133","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1098","DOI":"10.1159\/000478764","article-title":"RU486 Reverses Emotional Disorders by Influencing Astrocytes and Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in Chronic Restraint Stress Challenged Rats","volume":"42","author":"Dong","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cell Physiol. Biochem."},{"key":"ref_134","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2020.07.015","article-title":"Chronic Stress Followed by Social Isolation Promotes Depressive-like Behaviour, Alters Microglial and Astrocyte Biology and Reduces Hippocampal Neurogenesis in Male Mice","volume":"91","author":"Onorato","year":"2021","journal-title":"Brain Behav. Immun."},{"key":"ref_135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1961","DOI":"10.1038\/s41386-018-0105-x","article-title":"Profiling Changes in Cortical Astroglial Cells Following Chronic Stress","volume":"43","author":"Simard","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"ref_136","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2012.08.007","article-title":"Chronic Restraint Stress Decreases Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein and Glutamate Transporter in the Periaqueductal Gray Matter","volume":"223","author":"Imbe","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"ref_137","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.5607\/en.2019.28.2.270","article-title":"Glutamine Supplementation Ameliorates Chronic Stress-Induced Reductions in Glutamate and Glutamine Transporters in the Mouse Prefrontal Cortex","volume":"28","author":"Baek","year":"2019","journal-title":"Exp. Neurobiol."},{"key":"ref_138","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2013.09.024","article-title":"Dysfunctional Glutamatergic and \u03b3-Aminobutyric Acidergic Activities in Prefrontal Cortex of Mice in Social Defeat Model of Depression","volume":"76","author":"Veeraiah","year":"2014","journal-title":"Biol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_139","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"838","DOI":"10.1007\/s11596-014-1362-5","article-title":"Glutamate Transporter 1-Mediated Antidepressant-like Effect in a Rat Model of Chronic Unpredictable Stress","volume":"34","author":"Chen","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Huazhong Univ. Sci. Technolog. Med. Sci."},{"key":"ref_140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2009.09.005","article-title":"Reduced Expression of Glutamate Transporters VGluT1, EAAT2 and EAAT4 in Learned Helpless Rats, an Animal Model of Depression","volume":"58","author":"Zink","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neuropharmacology"},{"key":"ref_141","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2179","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0307294101","article-title":"Chronic Restraint Stress Up-Regulates GLT-1 MRNA and Protein Expression in the Rat Hippocampus: Reversal by Tianeptine","volume":"101","author":"Reagan","year":"2004","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_142","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2006.12.002","article-title":"Effects of Chronic Unpredictable Stress and Methamphetamine on Hippocampal Glutamate Function","volume":"1135","author":"Raudensky","year":"2007","journal-title":"Brain Res."},{"key":"ref_143","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2017.06.012","article-title":"Harmine Produces Antidepressant-like Effects via Restoration of Astrocytic Functions","volume":"79","author":"Liu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Prog. Neuropsychopharmacol. Biol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_144","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2470547018814186","DOI":"10.1177\/2470547018814186","article-title":"Chronic Unpredictable Stress Reduces Immunostaining for Connexins 43 and 30 and Myelin Basic Protein in the Rat Prelimbic and Orbitofrontal Cortices","volume":"2","author":"Moulana","year":"2018","journal-title":"Chronic Stress"},{"key":"ref_145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1305","DOI":"10.1038\/npp.2011.319","article-title":"Gap Junction Dysfunction in the Prefrontal Cortex Induces Depressive-like Behaviors in Rats","volume":"37","author":"Sun","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"ref_146","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"773","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.3162","article-title":"Astrocyte-Derived ATP Modulates Depressive-like Behaviors","volume":"19","author":"Cao","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"ref_147","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Srivastava, I., Vazquez-Juarez, E., Henning, L., G\u00f3mez-Gal\u00e1n, M., and Lindskog, M. (2020). Blocking Astrocytic GABA Restores Synaptic Plasticity in Prefrontal Cortex of Rat Model of Depression. Cells, 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/cells9071705"},{"key":"ref_148","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1007\/7854_2016_65","article-title":"Animal Models of PTSD: A Critical Review","volume":"38","author":"Flandreau","year":"2018","journal-title":"Curr. Top. Behav. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_149","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2017.06.016","article-title":"Intranasal Cotinine Improves Memory, and Reduces Depressive-like Behavior, and GFAP+ Cells Loss Induced by Restraint Stress in Mice","volume":"295","author":"Mendoza","year":"2017","journal-title":"Exp. Neurol."},{"key":"ref_150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1287","DOI":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2015.04.020","article-title":"FGF2 Alleviates PTSD Symptoms in Rats by Restoring GLAST Function in Astrocytes via the JAK\/STAT Pathway","volume":"25","author":"Feng","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur. Neuropsychopharmacol."},{"key":"ref_151","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"892","DOI":"10.1007\/s11064-015-1770-3","article-title":"Experimental Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Decreases Astrocyte Density and Changes Astrocytic Polarity in the CA1 Hippocampus of Male Rats","volume":"41","author":"Saur","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neurochem. Res."},{"key":"ref_152","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"942","DOI":"10.1007\/s11064-015-1549-6","article-title":"Loss of Glial Cells of the Hippocampus in a Rat Model of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder","volume":"40","author":"Han","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neurochem. Res."},{"key":"ref_153","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2620","DOI":"10.1002\/brb3.2620","article-title":"Modulation of Astrocyte Activity and Improvement of Oxidative Stress through Blockage of NO\/NMDAR Pathway Improve Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)-like Behavior Induced by Social Isolation Stress","volume":"12","author":"Li","year":"2022","journal-title":"Brain Behav."},{"key":"ref_154","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"472","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2013.08.048","article-title":"FGF2 Blocks PTSD Symptoms via an Astrocyte-Based Mechanism","volume":"256","author":"Xia","year":"2013","journal-title":"Behav. Brain Res."},{"key":"ref_155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"877","DOI":"10.1002\/hipo.20803","article-title":"Hippocampal Astrocytes Are Necessary for Antidepressant Treatment of Learned Helplessness Rats","volume":"21","author":"Iwata","year":"2011","journal-title":"Hippocampus"},{"key":"ref_156","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Brockett, A.T., Kane, G.A., Monari, P.K., Briones, B.A., Vigneron, P.A., Barber, G.A., Bermudez, A., Dieffenbach, U., Kloth, A.D., and Buschman, T.J. (2018). Evidence Supporting a Role for Astrocytes in the Regulation of Cognitive Flexibility and Neuronal Oscillations through the Ca2+ Binding Protein S100\u03b2. PLoS ONE, 13.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0195726"},{"key":"ref_157","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"898","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2015.06.023","article-title":"Astroglial Control of the Antidepressant-Like Effects of Prefrontal Cortex Deep Brain Stimulation","volume":"2","author":"Oosterhof","year":"2015","journal-title":"EBioMedicine"},{"key":"ref_158","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2014.07.019","article-title":"Antidepressant-like Effect of the MGluR5 Antagonist MTEP in an Astroglial Degeneration Model of Depression","volume":"273","author":"Domin","year":"2014","journal-title":"Behav. Brain Res."},{"key":"ref_159","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2019.01.015","article-title":"L-Alpha-Amino Adipic Acid Provokes Depression-like Behaviour and a Stress Related Increase in Dendritic Spine Density in the Pre-Limbic Cortex and Hippocampus in Rodents","volume":"362","author":"David","year":"2019","journal-title":"Behav. Brain Res."},{"key":"ref_160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"603","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jgr.2019.08.005","article-title":"Antidepressant Effects of Ginsenoside Rf on Behavioral Change in the Glial Degeneration Model of Depression by Reversing Glial Loss","volume":"44","author":"Kim","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Ginseng Res."},{"key":"ref_161","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8888841","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/8888841","article-title":"Tetragonia Tetragonioides Relieves Depressive-Like Behavior through the Restoration of Glial Loss in the Prefrontal Cortex","volume":"2021","author":"Choi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Evid. Based Complement. Alternat Med."},{"key":"ref_162","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4632","DOI":"10.1038\/s41380-023-02246-1","article-title":"Prefrontal Cortex Astroglia Modulate Anhedonia-like Behavior","volume":"28","author":"Codeluppi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Mol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_163","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2049","DOI":"10.1038\/npp.2010.74","article-title":"Blockade of Astrocytic Glutamate Uptake in Rats Induces Signs of Anhedonia and Impaired Spatial Memory","volume":"35","author":"Walther","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"ref_164","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2018.10.019","article-title":"Glutamate Transporter GLT1 Inhibitor Dihydrokainic Acid Impairs Novel Object Recognition Memory Performance in Mice","volume":"199","author":"Tian","year":"2019","journal-title":"Physiol. Behav."},{"key":"ref_165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jphs.2018.09.009","article-title":"A Delta Opioid Receptor Agonist, KNT-127, in the Prelimbic Medial Prefrontal Cortex Attenuates Glial Glutamate Transporter Blocker-Induced Anxiety-like Behavior in Mice","volume":"138","author":"Saitoh","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Pharmacol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_166","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1122","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.23593","article-title":"Regionally Selective Knockdown of Astroglial Glutamate Transporters in Infralimbic Cortex Induces a Depressive Phenotype in Mice","volume":"67","author":"Fullana","year":"2019","journal-title":"Glia"},{"key":"ref_167","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1038","DOI":"10.1038\/tp.2017.7","article-title":"Glial GLT-1 Blockade in Infralimbic Cortex as a New Strategy to Evoke Rapid Antidepressant-like Effects in Rats","volume":"7","author":"Artigas","year":"2017","journal-title":"Transl. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_168","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2018.06.029","article-title":"Serotonergic Mechanisms Involved in Antidepressant-like Responses Evoked by GLT-1 Blockade in Rat Infralimbic Cortex","volume":"139","author":"Ozaita","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neuropharmacology"},{"key":"ref_169","first-page":"219","article-title":"CAMP\/PKA\/CREB\/GLT1 Signaling Involved in the Antidepressant-like Effects of Phosphodiesterase 4D Inhibitor (GEBR-7b) in Rats","volume":"12","author":"Liu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neuropsychiatr. Dis. Treat."},{"key":"ref_170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"988","DOI":"10.1093\/ijnp\/pyx067","article-title":"Differential Patterns of Subcortical Activity Evoked by Glial GLT-1 Blockade in Prelimbic and Infralimbic Cortex: Relationship to Antidepressant-Like Effects in Rats","volume":"20","author":"Desco","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. J. Neuropsychopharmacol."},{"key":"ref_171","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1038\/nature25752","article-title":"Astroglial Kir4.1 in the Lateral Habenula Drives Neuronal Bursts in Depression","volume":"554","author":"Cui","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_172","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1207","DOI":"10.1007\/s00221-023-06587-9","article-title":"Connexin 43 Regulates Astrocyte Dysfunction and Cognitive Deficits in Early Life Stress-Treated Mice","volume":"241","author":"Wu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Exp. Brain Res."},{"key":"ref_173","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Papouin, T., Dunphy, J., Tolman, M., Foley, J.C., and Haydon, P.G. (2017). Astrocytic Control of Synaptic Function. Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B Biol. Sci., 372.","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2016.0154"},{"key":"ref_174","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1017\/S1740925X09000064","article-title":"Astrocytes Process Synaptic Information","volume":"4","author":"Araque","year":"2008","journal-title":"Neuron Glia Biol."},{"key":"ref_175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6536","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-022-34201-z","article-title":"Hippocampal Astrocytes Modulate Anxiety-like Behavior","volume":"13","author":"Cho","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"ref_176","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2018.07.015","article-title":"Chemogenetic Manipulation of Dorsal Hippocampal Astrocytes Protects Against the Development of Stress-Enhanced Fear Learning","volume":"388","author":"Jones","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"ref_177","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5500","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-023-40968-6","article-title":"Astrocyte Reactivity and Inflammation-Induced Depression-like Behaviors Are Regulated by Orai1 Calcium Channels","volume":"14","author":"Novakovic","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"ref_178","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"708","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.4001","article-title":"Ca(2+) Signaling in Astrocytes from Ip3r2(\u2212\/\u2212) Mice in Brain Slices and during Startle Responses In Vivo","volume":"18","author":"Srinivasan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_179","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3389\/fnbeh.2014.00384","article-title":"Astrocyte IP3R2-Dependent Ca(2+) Signaling Is Not a Major Modulator of Neuronal Pathways Governing Behavior","volume":"8","author":"Petravicz","year":"2014","journal-title":"Front. Behav. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Delcourte, S., Bouloufa, A., Rovera, R., B\u00e9try, C., Abrial, E., Dkhissi-Benyahya, O., Heinrich, C., Marcy, G., Raineteau, O., and Haddjeri, N. (2023). Chemogenetic Activation of Prefrontal Astroglia Enhances Recognition Memory Performance in Rat. Biomed. Pharmacother., 166.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2023.115384"},{"key":"ref_181","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2018.05.002","article-title":"Astrocytic Activation Generates De Novo Neuronal Potentiation and Memory Enhancement","volume":"174","author":"Adamsky","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref_182","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2017.05.033","article-title":"Astrocytes in Memory Function: Pioneering Findings and Future Directions","volume":"370","author":"Adamsky","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"ref_183","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1229","DOI":"10.1038\/s41593-020-0679-6","article-title":"Astrocytes Contribute to Remote Memory Formation by Modulating Hippocampal-Cortical Communication during Learning","volume":"23","author":"Kol","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_184","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"915","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.23580","article-title":"Melanopsin for Precise Optogenetic Activation of Astrocyte-Neuron Networks","volume":"67","author":"Mederos","year":"2019","journal-title":"Glia"},{"key":"ref_185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113850","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2024.113850","article-title":"Engram Reactivation Mimics Cellular Signatures of Fear","volume":"43","author":"Suthard","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cell Rep."},{"key":"ref_186","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4997","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1775-22.2023","article-title":"Basolateral Amygdala Astrocytes Are Engaged by the Acquisition and Expression of a Contextual Fear Memory","volume":"43","author":"Suthard","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_187","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lei, Z., Xie, L., Li, C.H., Lam, Y.Y., Ramkrishnan, A.S., Fu, Z., Zeng, X., Liu, S., Iqbal, Z., and Li, Y. (2022). Chemogenetic Activation of Astrocytes in the Basolateral Amygdala Contributes to Fear Memory Formation by Modulating the Amygdala-Prefrontal Cortex Communication. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 23.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23116092"},{"key":"ref_188","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3856","DOI":"10.1038\/s41380-023-02269-8","article-title":"Dysfunctional Serotonergic Neuron-Astrocyte Signaling in Depressive-like States","volume":"28","author":"Esparza","year":"2023","journal-title":"Mol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_189","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"500","DOI":"10.1038\/s41386-020-0721-0","article-title":"Cortical Astrocytes Regulate Ethanol Consumption and Intoxication in Mice","volume":"46","author":"Erickson","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"ref_190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"906","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.2010.03351.x","article-title":"Alcohol and Depression","volume":"106","author":"Boden","year":"2011","journal-title":"Addiction"},{"key":"ref_191","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"757","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2015.0584","article-title":"Epidemiology of DSM-5 Alcohol Use Disorder Results from the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions III","volume":"72","author":"Grant","year":"2015","journal-title":"JAMA Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_192","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"550","DOI":"10.1177\/0269881108091074","article-title":"Infusion of Gliotoxins or a Gap Junction Blocker in the Prelimbic Cortex Increases Alcohol Preference in Wistar Rats","volume":"23","author":"Shoyama","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Psychopharmacol."},{"key":"ref_193","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2024.04.003","article-title":"Unveiling the Hidden Pathways: Exploring Astrocytes as a Key Target for Depression Therapy","volume":"174","author":"Liu","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Psychiatr. Res."},{"key":"ref_194","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1299","DOI":"10.1586\/14737175.2015.1095094","article-title":"Targeting Astrocytes in Major Depression","volume":"15","author":"Peng","year":"2015","journal-title":"Expert. Rev. Neurother."},{"key":"ref_195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-0327(02)00044-7","article-title":"Glia as a Putative Target for Antidepressant Treatments","volume":"75","author":"Manev","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Affect. Disord."},{"key":"ref_196","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1277","DOI":"10.2174\/13894501113149990209","article-title":"The Monoaminergic Tripartite Synapse: A Putative Target for Currently Available Antidepressant Drugs","volume":"14","author":"Quesseveur","year":"2013","journal-title":"Curr. Drug Targets"},{"key":"ref_197","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jphs.2020.11.002","article-title":"Perisynaptic Astrocytes as a Potential Target for Novel Antidepressant Drugs","volume":"145","author":"Frizzo","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Pharmacol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_198","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1179069518789149","DOI":"10.1177\/1179069518789149","article-title":"Effects of Monoamines and Antidepressants on Astrocyte Physiology: Implications for Monoamine Hypothesis of Depression","volume":"12","author":"Marathe","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Exp. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_199","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"730","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ceb.2011.09.002","article-title":"Cell Atrophy and Loss in Depression: Reversal by Antidepressant Treatment","volume":"23","author":"Banasr","year":"2011","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Cell Biol."},{"key":"ref_200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2015.01.022","article-title":"Spine Synapse Remodeling in the Pathophysiology and Treatment of Depression","volume":"601","author":"Duman","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neurosci. Lett."},{"key":"ref_201","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1016\/S2215-0366(17)30015-9","article-title":"How Do Antidepressants Work? New Perspectives for Refining Future Treatment Approaches","volume":"4","author":"Harmer","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_202","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-011-2190-y","article-title":"Fluoxetine Regulates the Expression of Neurotrophic\/Growth Factors and Glucose Metabolism in Astrocytes","volume":"216","author":"Allaman","year":"2011","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology"},{"key":"ref_203","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2015.12.057","article-title":"Amitriptyline Induces Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) MRNA Expression through ERK-Dependent Modulation of Multiple BDNF MRNA Variants in Primary Cultured Rat Cortical Astrocytes and Microglia","volume":"1634","author":"Kajitani","year":"2016","journal-title":"Brain Res."},{"key":"ref_204","first-page":"33","article-title":"Expression of Monoamine Transporters, Nitric Oxide Synthase 3, and Neurotrophin Genes in Antidepressant-Stimulated Astrocytes","volume":"3","author":"Kenis","year":"2012","journal-title":"Front. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"495","DOI":"10.3389\/fncel.2015.00495","article-title":"Antidepressants Impact Connexin 43 Channel Functions in Astrocytes","volume":"9","author":"Jeanson","year":"2016","journal-title":"Front. Cell Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_206","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2018.05.036","article-title":"Anti-Depressant Fluoxetine Reveals Its Therapeutic Effect Via Astrocytes","volume":"32","author":"Kinoshita","year":"2018","journal-title":"EBioMedicine"},{"key":"ref_207","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1263","DOI":"10.1038\/npp.2008.185","article-title":"Requirement of AQP4 for Antidepressive Efficiency of Fluoxetine: Implication in Adult Hippocampal Neurogenesis","volume":"34","author":"Kong","year":"2009","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"ref_208","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"686","DOI":"10.1093\/jpp\/rgad016","article-title":"Gap Junction Is Essential for the Antidepressant Effects of Fluoxetine","volume":"75","author":"Xia","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Pharm. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_209","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1288","DOI":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2019.09.004","article-title":"In Vivo Knockdown of Astroglial Glutamate Transporters GLT-1 and GLAST Increases Excitatory Neurotransmission in Mouse Infralimbic Cortex: Relevance for Depressive-like Phenotypes","volume":"29","author":"Fullana","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur. Neuropsychopharmacol."},{"key":"ref_210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rpsm.2021.09.002","article-title":"Ketamine Triggers Rapid Antidepressant Effects by Modulating Synaptic Plasticity in a New Depressive-like Mouse Model Based on Astrocyte Glutamate Transporter GLT-1 Knockdown in Infralimbic Cortex","volume":"15","author":"Fullana","year":"2022","journal-title":"Rev. Psiquiatr. Salud. Ment. (Engl. Ed.)"},{"key":"ref_211","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Stenovec, M. (2021). Ketamine Alters Functional Plasticity of Astroglia: An Implication for Antidepressant Effect. Life, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/life11060573"},{"key":"ref_212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108158","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2020.108158","article-title":"Astrocytes in Rapid Ketamine Antidepressant Action","volume":"173","author":"Stenovec","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neuropharmacology"},{"key":"ref_213","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pham, T.H., Defaix, C., Nguyen, T.M.L., Mendez-David, I., Tritschler, L., David, D.J., and Gardier, A.M. (2020). Cortical and Raphe GABAA, AMPA Receptors and Glial GLT-1 Glutamate Transporter Contribute to the Sustained Antidepressant Activity of Ketamine. Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav., 192.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2020.172913"},{"key":"ref_214","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1175938","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2023.1175938","article-title":"Astrocytes Underlie a Faster-Onset Antidepressant Effect of Hypidone Hydrochloride (YL-0919)","volume":"14","author":"Li","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2022.03.068","article-title":"Rapid and Sustained Restoration of Astrocytic Functions by Ketamine in Depression Model Mice","volume":"616","author":"Ma","year":"2022","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun."},{"key":"ref_216","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"250","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2006.04.037","article-title":"Antidepressant-like Effects of Ceftriaxone in Male C57BL\/6J Mice","volume":"61","author":"Mineur","year":"2007","journal-title":"Biol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_217","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"501","DOI":"10.1038\/mp.2008.106","article-title":"Glial Pathology in an Animal Model of Depression: Reversal of Stress-Induced Cellular, Metabolic and Behavioral Deficits by the Glutamate-Modulating Drug Riluzole","volume":"15","author":"Banasr","year":"2010","journal-title":"Mol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_218","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1159\/000529534","article-title":"Prophylactic Efficacy of Riluzole against Anxiety- and Depressive-Like Behaviors in Two Rodent Stress Models","volume":"9","author":"Bansal","year":"2023","journal-title":"Complex. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_219","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"701408","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2021.701408","article-title":"Antidepressant-Like Effects of Chronic Guanosine in the Olfactory Bulbectomy Mouse Model","volume":"12","author":"Almeida","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1007\/s11302-021-09779-6","article-title":"Antidepressant-like Effect of Guanosine Involves Activation of AMPA Receptor and BDNF\/TrkB Signaling","volume":"17","author":"Rosa","year":"2021","journal-title":"Purinergic Signal"},{"key":"ref_221","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainresbull.2009.09.008","article-title":"Effects of Beta-Carboline Harmine on Behavioral and Physiological Parameters Observed in the Chronic Mild Stress Model: Further Evidence of Antidepressant Properties","volume":"81","author":"Fortunato","year":"2010","journal-title":"Brain Res. Bull."},{"key":"ref_222","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1131","DOI":"10.1007\/s00702-010-0451-2","article-title":"Chronic Administration of Harmine Elicits Antidepressant-like Effects and Increases BDNF Levels in Rat Hippocampus","volume":"117","author":"Fortunato","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Neural. Transm."},{"key":"ref_223","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"805","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-011-2403-4","article-title":"Antidepressant-like Properties of Oral Riluzole and Utility of Incentive Disengagement Models of Depression in Mice","volume":"219","author":"Gourley","year":"2012","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology"},{"key":"ref_224","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pathophys.2017.02.001","article-title":"Ceftriaxone Attenuates Glutamate-Mediated Neuro-Inflammation and Restores BDNF in MPTP Model of Parkinson\u2019s Disease in Rats","volume":"24","author":"Kaur","year":"2017","journal-title":"Pathophysiology"},{"key":"ref_225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1328","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.02-0143fje","article-title":"Riluzole Enhances Expression of Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor with Consequent Proliferation of Granule Precursor Cells in the Rat Hippocampus","volume":"16","author":"Asano","year":"2002","journal-title":"FASEB J."},{"key":"ref_226","first-page":"351160","article-title":"Analogous \u03b2-Carboline Alkaloids Harmaline and Harmine Ameliorate Scopolamine-Induced Cognition Dysfunction by Attenuating Acetylcholinesterase Activity, Oxidative Stress, and Inflammation in Mice","volume":"9","author":"Li","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_227","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"294","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainresbull.2018.01.004","article-title":"Harmine Enhances GABAergic Transmission onto Basoamygdala Projection Neurons in Mice","volume":"137","author":"Liu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Brain Res. Bull."},{"key":"ref_228","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2014.02.053","article-title":"Ceftriaxone Alleviates Early Brain Injury after Subarachnoid Hemorrhage by Increasing Excitatory Amino Acid Transporter 2 Expression via the PI3K\/Akt\/NF-\u039aB Signaling Pathway","volume":"268","author":"Feng","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"ref_229","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2021.12.010","article-title":"Guanosine Boosts the Fast, but Not Sustained, Antidepressant-like and pro-Synaptogenic Effects of Ketamine by Stimulating MTORC1-Driven Signaling Pathway","volume":"57","author":"Camargo","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur. Neuropsychopharmacol."},{"key":"ref_230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2016.01.003","article-title":"Riluzole Combination Therapy for Moderate-to-Severe Major Depressive Disorder: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial","volume":"75","author":"Salardini","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Psychiatr. Res."},{"key":"ref_231","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2567","DOI":"10.1038\/npp.2017.106","article-title":"A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Sequential Parallel Comparison Design Trial of Adjunctive Riluzole for Treatment-Resistant Major Depressive Disorder","volume":"42","author":"Mathew","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"ref_232","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.161.1.171","article-title":"An Open-Label Trial of Riluzole in Patients with Treatment-Resistant Major Depression","volume":"161","author":"Zarate","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am. J. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_233","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"822","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2006.08.037","article-title":"Preliminary Evidence of Riluzole Efficacy in Antidepressant-Treated Patients with Residual Depressive Symptoms","volume":"61","author":"Sanacora","year":"2007","journal-title":"Biol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_234","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18364","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.20m13233","article-title":"Randomized Controlled Trial of Riluzole Augmentation for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: Efficacy of a Glutamatergic Modulator for Antidepressant-Resistant Symptoms","volume":"81","author":"Spangler","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Clin. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2017.11.013","article-title":"Rescue of Glutamate Transport in the Lateral Habenula Alleviates Depression- and Anxiety-like Behaviors in Ethanol-Withdrawn Rats","volume":"129","author":"Kang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neuropharmacology"},{"key":"ref_236","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8429","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-65300-w","article-title":"Guanosine Fast Onset Antidepressant-like Effects in the Olfactory Bulbectomy Mice Model","volume":"10","author":"Pocharski","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_237","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"982","DOI":"10.1111\/jnc.13200","article-title":"Current Approaches to Enhance Glutamate Transporter Function and Expression","volume":"134","author":"Fontana","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Neurochem."}],"container-title":["International Journal of Molecular Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1422-0067\/25\/12\/6357\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T14:55:51Z","timestamp":1760108151000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1422-0067\/25\/12\/6357"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,8]]},"references-count":237,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,6]]}},"alternative-id":["ijms25126357"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms25126357","relation":{},"ISSN":["1422-0067"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1422-0067","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,8]]}}}