{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,24]],"date-time":"2026-10-24T01:44:29Z","timestamp":1792806269191,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":160,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,12]],"date-time":"2024-06-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1718150400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Staphylococcus\u00a0aureus bacteremia continues to be associated with significant morbidity and mortality, despite improvements in diagnostics and management. Persistent infections pose a major challenge to clinicians and have been consistently shown to increase the risk of mortality and other infectious complications. S.\u00a0aureus, while typically not considered an intracellular pathogen, has been proven to utilize an intracellular niche, through several phenotypes including small colony variants, as a means for survival that has been linked to chronic, persistent, and recurrent infections. This intracellular persistence allows for protection from the host immune system and leads to reduced antibiotic efficacy through a variety of mechanisms. These include antimicrobial resistance, tolerance, and\/or persistence in S.\u00a0aureus that contribute to persistent bacteremia. This review will discuss the challenges associated with treating these complicated infections and the various methods that S.\u00a0aureus uses to persist within the intracellular space.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25126486","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,14]],"date-time":"2024-06-14T03:52:53Z","timestamp":1718337173000},"page":"6486","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["The Complex Intracellular Lifecycle of Staphylococcus\u00a0aureus Contributes to Reduced Antibiotic Efficacy and Persistent Bacteremia"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Cecilia F.","family":"Volk","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Pharmacy Practice and Translational Research Division, School of Pharmacy, Pharmacy University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard A.","family":"Proctor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA"},{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5012-5993","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Warren E.","family":"Rose","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pharmacy Practice and Translational Research Division, School of Pharmacy, Pharmacy University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S20","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cit614","article-title":"Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Therapy: Past, Present, and Future","volume":"58","author":"Rodvold","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin. 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