{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T03:46:29Z","timestamp":1792122389715,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":87,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,12]],"date-time":"2024-06-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1718150400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, University of Geneva","award":["179"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["179"]}]},{"name":"Geneva University Hospitals (HUG) Private Foundation","award":["179"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["179"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Gap injuries to the peripheral nervous system result in pain and loss of function, without any particularly effective therapeutic options. Within this context, mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-derived exosomes have emerged as a potential therapeutic option. Thus, the focus of this study was to review currently available data on MSC-derived exosome-mounted scaffolds in peripheral nerve regeneration in order to identify the most promising scaffolds and exosome sources currently in the field of peripheral nerve regeneration. We conducted a systematic review following PRISMA 2020 guidelines. Exosome origins varied (adipose-derived MSCs, bone marrow MSCs, gingival MSC, induced pluripotent stem cells and a purified exosome product) similarly to the materials (Matrigel, alginate and silicone, acellular nerve graft [ANG], chitosan, chitin, hydrogel and fibrin glue). The compound muscle action potential (CMAP), sciatic functional index (SFI), gastrocnemius wet weight and histological analyses were used as main outcome measures. Overall, exosome-mounted scaffolds showed better regeneration than scaffolds alone. Functionally, both exosome-enriched chitin and ANG showed a significant improvement over time in the sciatica functional index, CMAP and wet weight. The best histological outcomes were found in the exosome-enriched ANG scaffold with a high increase in the axonal diameter and muscle cross-section area. Further studies are needed to confirm the efficacy of exosome-mounted scaffolds in peripheral nerve regeneration.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25126489","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,14]],"date-time":"2024-06-14T03:52:53Z","timestamp":1718337173000},"page":"6489","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Therapeutic Potential and Challenges of Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Exosomes for Peripheral Nerve Regeneration: A Systematic Review"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"25","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-3504-0073","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Clelia","family":"Dogny","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Geneva University Hospitals, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0396-7511","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dominik","family":"Andr\u00e9-L\u00e9vigne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Geneva University Hospitals, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel F.","family":"Kalbermatten","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Geneva University Hospitals, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland"},{"name":"Bioengineering and Neuroregeneration Laboratory, Department of Surgery, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3720-8270","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Srinivas","family":"Madduri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Geneva University Hospitals, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland"},{"name":"Bioengineering and Neuroregeneration Laboratory, Department of Surgery, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"544","DOI":"10.1007\/s12015-021-10236-5","article-title":"Augmenting Peripheral Nerve Regeneration with Adipose-Derived Stem Cells","volume":"18","author":"Jiang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Stem Cell Rev. 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