{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,28]],"date-time":"2026-08-28T23:27:20Z","timestamp":1787959640956,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,13]],"date-time":"2024-06-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1718236800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"INSPIRED (Innovative Strategies for Prevention, Diagnosis, and Therapy of Ragweed Pollen Induced Respiratory Diseases) project","award":["2014\u20132020 92\/09.09.2016, P_37_747"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2014\u20132020 92\/09.09.2016, P_37_747"]}]},{"name":"INSPIRED (Innovative Strategies for Prevention, Diagnosis, and Therapy of Ragweed Pollen Induced Respiratory Diseases) project","award":["23-75-30016"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["23-75-30016"]}]},{"name":"European Regional Development Fund (ERDF)","award":["2014\u20132020 92\/09.09.2016, P_37_747"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2014\u20132020 92\/09.09.2016, P_37_747"]}]},{"name":"European Regional Development Fund (ERDF)","award":["23-75-30016"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["23-75-30016"]}]},{"name":"Romanian national budget","award":["2014\u20132020 92\/09.09.2016, P_37_747"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2014\u20132020 92\/09.09.2016, P_37_747"]}]},{"name":"Romanian national budget","award":["23-75-30016"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["23-75-30016"]}]},{"name":"Danube Allergy Research Cluster of the Country of Lower Austria","award":["2014\u20132020 92\/09.09.2016, P_37_747"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2014\u20132020 92\/09.09.2016, P_37_747"]}]},{"name":"Danube Allergy Research Cluster of the Country of Lower Austria","award":["23-75-30016"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["23-75-30016"]}]},{"name":"Russian Science Foundation","award":["2014\u20132020 92\/09.09.2016, P_37_747"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2014\u20132020 92\/09.09.2016, P_37_747"]}]},{"name":"Russian Science Foundation","award":["23-75-30016"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["23-75-30016"]}]},{"name":"Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timi\u0219oara","award":["2014\u20132020 92\/09.09.2016, P_37_747"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2014\u20132020 92\/09.09.2016, P_37_747"]}]},{"name":"Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timi\u0219oara","award":["23-75-30016"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["23-75-30016"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Pollen from common ragweed is an important allergen source worldwide and especially in western and southern Romania. More than 100 million patients suffer from symptoms of respiratory allergy (e.g., rhinitis, asthma) to ragweed pollen. Among the eleven characterized allergens, Amb a 6 is a non-specific lipid transfer protein (nsLTP). nsLTPs are structurally stable proteins in pollen and food from different unrelated plants capable of inducing severe reactions. The goal of this study was to produce Amb a 6 as a recombinant and structurally folded protein (rAmb a 6) and to characterize its physicochemical and immunological features. rAmb a 6 was expressed in Spodoptera frugiperda Sf9 cells as a secreted protein and characterized by mass spectrometry and circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy regarding molecular mass and fold, respectively. The IgE-binding frequency towards the purified protein was evaluated using sera from 150 clinically well-characterized ragweed-allergic patients. The allergenic activities of rAmb a 6 and the nsLTP from the weed Parietaria judaica (Par j 2) were evaluated in basophil activation assays. rAmb a 6-specific IgE reactivity was associated with clinical features. Pure rAmb a 6 was obtained by insect cell expression. Its deduced molecular weight corresponded to that determined by mass spectrometry (i.e., 10,963 Da). rAmb a 6 formed oligomers as determined by SDS-PAGE under non-reducing conditions. According to multiple sequence comparisons, Amb a 6 was a distinct nsLTP with less than 40% sequence identity to currently known plant nsLTP allergens, except for nsLTP from Helianthus (i.e., 52%). rAmb a 6 is an important ragweed allergen recognized by 30% of ragweed pollen allergic patients. For certain patients, rAmb a 6-specific IgE levels were higher than those specific for the major ragweed allergen Amb a 1 and analysis also showed a higher allergenic activity in the basophil activation test. rAmb a 6-positive patients suffered mainly from respiratory symptoms. The assumption that Amb a 6 is a source-specific ragweed allergen is supported by the finding that none of the patients showing rAmb a 6-induced basophil activation reacted with Par j 2 and only one rAmb a 6-sensitized patient had a history of plant food allergy. Immunization of rabbits with rAmb a 6 induced IgG antibodies which strongly inhibited IgE binding to rAmb a 6. Our results demonstrate that Amb a 6 is an important source-specific ragweed pollen allergen that should be considered for diagnosis and allergen-specific immunotherapy of ragweed pollen allergy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25126513","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,14]],"date-time":"2024-06-14T03:52:53Z","timestamp":1718337173000},"page":"6513","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Non-Specific Lipid Transfer Protein Amb a 6 Is a Source-Specific Important Allergenic Molecule in Ragweed Pollen"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"25","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6130-2091","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Manuela","family":"Grijincu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center of Immuno-Physiology and Biotechnologies, Department of Functional Sciences, Victor Babe\u0219 University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timi\u0219oara, Romania"},{"name":"OncoGen Center, Pius Br\u00eenzeu County Clinical Emergency Hospital, 300723 Timi\u0219oara, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gabriela","family":"T\u0103nasie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center of Immuno-Physiology and Biotechnologies, Department of Functional Sciences, Victor Babe\u0219 University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timi\u0219oara, Romania"},{"name":"OncoGen Center, Pius Br\u00eenzeu County Clinical Emergency Hospital, 300723 Timi\u0219oara, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1582-7740","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lauriana-Eunice","family":"Zb\u00eercea","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center of Immuno-Physiology and Biotechnologies, Department of Functional Sciences, Victor Babe\u0219 University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timi\u0219oara, Romania"},{"name":"OncoGen Center, Pius Br\u00eenzeu County Clinical Emergency Hospital, 300723 Timi\u0219oara, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5030-3235","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria-Roxana","family":"Buzan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center of Immuno-Physiology and Biotechnologies, Department of Functional Sciences, Victor Babe\u0219 University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timi\u0219oara, Romania"},{"name":"OncoGen Center, Pius Br\u00eenzeu County Clinical Emergency Hospital, 300723 Timi\u0219oara, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3034-2365","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tudor-Paul","family":"Tama\u0219","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center of Immuno-Physiology and Biotechnologies, Department of Functional Sciences, Victor Babe\u0219 University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timi\u0219oara, Romania"},{"name":"OncoGen Center, Pius Br\u00eenzeu County Clinical Emergency Hospital, 300723 Timi\u0219oara, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Monica-Daniela","family":"Cotarc\u0103","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center of Immuno-Physiology and Biotechnologies, Department of Functional Sciences, Victor Babe\u0219 University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timi\u0219oara, Romania"},{"name":"OncoGen Center, Pius Br\u00eenzeu County Clinical Emergency Hospital, 300723 Timi\u0219oara, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0594-2852","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ioan","family":"Hu\u021bu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Horia Cernescu Research Unit, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences \u201cKing Michael I of Romania\u201d, 300645 Timi\u0219oara, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elijahu","family":"Babaev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biomay AG, Vienna Competence Center, 1220 Vienna, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Frank","family":"Stolz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biomay AG, Vienna Competence Center, 1220 Vienna, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yulia","family":"Dorofeeva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Division of Immunopathology, Center of Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rudolf","family":"Valenta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Division of Immunopathology, Center of Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria"},{"name":"NRC Institute of Immunology FMBA of Russia, 115478 Moscow, Russia"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, Sechenov First State Medical University, 119991 Moscow, Russia"},{"name":"Karl Landsteiner University of Health Sciences, 3500 Krems, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Virgil","family":"P\u0103unescu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center of Immuno-Physiology and Biotechnologies, Department of Functional Sciences, Victor Babe\u0219 University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timi\u0219oara, Romania"},{"name":"OncoGen Center, Pius Br\u00eenzeu County Clinical Emergency Hospital, 300723 Timi\u0219oara, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8749-9972","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carmen","family":"Panaitescu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center of Immuno-Physiology and Biotechnologies, Department of Functional Sciences, Victor Babe\u0219 University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timi\u0219oara, Romania"},{"name":"OncoGen Center, Pius Br\u00eenzeu County Clinical Emergency Hospital, 300723 Timi\u0219oara, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5899-5766","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kuan-Wei","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"OncoGen Center, Pius Br\u00eenzeu County Clinical Emergency Hospital, 300723 Timi\u0219oara, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2005.05.017","article-title":"Prevalences of Positive Skin Test Responses to 10 Common Allergens in the US Population: Results from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination 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