{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]],"date-time":"2026-10-20T00:29:12Z","timestamp":1792456152248,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":201,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,13]],"date-time":"2024-06-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1718236800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002803","name":"Cariplo Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2019\u20133357"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019\u20133357"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002803","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Glutamate is the main excitatory neurotransmitter in the brain wherein it controls cognitive functional domains and mood. Indeed, brain areas involved in memory formation and consolidation as well as in fear and emotional processing, such as the hippocampus, prefrontal cortex, and amygdala, are predominantly glutamatergic. To ensure the physiological activity of the brain, glutamatergic transmission is finely tuned at synaptic sites. Disruption of the mechanisms responsible for glutamate homeostasis may result in the accumulation of excessive glutamate levels, which in turn leads to increased calcium levels, mitochondrial abnormalities, oxidative stress, and eventually cell atrophy and death. This condition is known as glutamate-induced excitotoxicity and is considered as a pathogenic mechanism in several diseases of the central nervous system, including neurodevelopmental, substance abuse, and psychiatric disorders. On the other hand, these disorders share neuroplasticity impairments in glutamatergic brain areas, which are accompanied by structural remodeling of glutamatergic neurons. In the current narrative review, we will summarize the role of glutamate-induced excitotoxicity in both the pathophysiology and therapeutic interventions of neurodevelopmental and adult mental diseases with a focus on autism spectrum disorders, substance abuse, and psychiatric disorders. Indeed, glutamatergic drugs are under preclinical and clinical development for the treatment of different mental diseases that share glutamatergic neuroplasticity dysfunctions. Although clinical evidence is still limited and more studies are required, the regulation of glutamate homeostasis is attracting attention as a potential crucial target for the control of brain diseases.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25126521","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,14]],"date-time":"2024-06-14T08:02:26Z","timestamp":1718352146000},"page":"6521","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":127,"title":["Glutamate-Mediated Excitotoxicity in the Pathogenesis and Treatment of Neurodevelopmental and Adult Mental Disorders"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"25","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9453-1237","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Noemi","family":"Nicosia","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy"},{"name":"PhD Program in Neuroscience, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-1384-3413","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mattia","family":"Giovenzana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy"},{"name":"PhD Program in Neuroscience, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7232-3162","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paulina","family":"Misztak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2363-8897","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jessica","family":"Mingardi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2174-989X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Laura","family":"Musazzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy"},{"name":"Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, 20900 Monza, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.1007\/s00726-012-1280-4","article-title":"Glutamate: A Truly Functional Amino Acid","volume":"45","author":"Brosnan","year":"2013","journal-title":"Amino Acids"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn3138","article-title":"The Stressed Synapse: The Impact of Stress and Glucocorticoids on Glutamate Transmission","volume":"13","author":"Popoli","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2011.07.036","article-title":"Towards a Glutamate Hypothesis of Depression","volume":"62","author":"Sanacora","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neuropharmacology"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108539","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2023.108539","article-title":"Presynaptic Glutamate Receptors in Nociception","volume":"251","author":"Xie","year":"2023","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Ther."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"929474","DOI":"10.3389\/fragi.2022.929474","article-title":"Friend or Foe? Defining the Role of Glutamate in Aging and Alzheimer\u2019s Disease","volume":"3","author":"Cox","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Aging"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lisman, J. (2017). Glutamatergic Synapses Are Structurally and Biochemically Complex Because of Multiple Plasticity Processes: Long-Term Potentiation, Long-Term Depression, Short-Term Potentiation and Scaling. Philos. Trans. R Soc. B Biol. Sci., 372.","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2016.0260"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1220","DOI":"10.2174\/13894501113149990203","article-title":"Astrocyte-Neuron Interaction at Tripartite Synapses","volume":"14","author":"Araque","year":"2013","journal-title":"Curr. Drug Targets"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2016.11.013","article-title":"Metabotropic Glutamate Receptors and Neurodegenerative Diseases","volume":"115","author":"Ribeiro","year":"2017","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Res."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.pharmtox.011008.145533","article-title":"Metabotropic Glutamate Receptors: Physiology, Pharmacology, and Disease","volume":"50","author":"Niswender","year":"2010","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Pharmacol. Toxicol."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1080","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2018.05.018","article-title":"Glutamatergic Signaling in the Central Nervous System: Ionotropic and Metabotropic Receptors in Concert","volume":"98","author":"Reiner","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tins.2009.05.001","article-title":"Tripartite Synapses: Astrocytes Process and Control Synaptic Information","volume":"32","author":"Perea","year":"2009","journal-title":"Trends Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Papouin, T., Dunphy, J., Tolman, M., Foley, J.C., and Haydon, P.G. (2017). Astrocytic Control of Synaptic Function. Philos. Trans. R. Soc. B Biol. Sci., 372.","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2016.0154"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"623","DOI":"10.1016\/0896-6273(88)90162-6","article-title":"Glutamate Neurotoxicity and Diseases of the Nervous System","volume":"1","author":"CHOI","year":"1988","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.21767\/2171-6625.1000193","article-title":"Excitotoxicity: An Organized Crime at The Cellular Level","volume":"8","author":"Velasco","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Neurol. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1186\/s40035-021-00278-7","article-title":"Excitotoxicity, Calcium and Mitochondria: A Triad in Synaptic Neurodegeneration","volume":"11","author":"Verma","year":"2022","journal-title":"Transl. Neurodegener."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1177\/0269881118754680","article-title":"Excitotoxicity in the Pathogenesis of Neurological and Psychiatric Disorders: Therapeutic Implications","volume":"32","author":"Olloquequi","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Psychopharmacol."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S2","DOI":"10.1038\/nm1067","article-title":"Molecular Pathways to Neurodegeneration","volume":"10","author":"Schwarzenbacher","year":"2004","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"925","DOI":"10.1007\/s00702-014-1187-1","article-title":"Is There a Role for Glutamate-Mediated Excitotoxicity in Inflammation-Induced Depression?","volume":"121","author":"Dantzer","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Neural Transm."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2016.11.064","article-title":"Glutamate Dysregulation and Glutamatergic Therapeutics for PTSD: Evidence from Human Studies","volume":"649","author":"Averill","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neurosci. Lett."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1111\/pcn.12823","article-title":"Glutamate Hypothesis in Schizophrenia","volume":"73","author":"Uno","year":"2019","journal-title":"Psychiatry Clin. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1007\/s12640-012-9354-3","article-title":"Excitotoxicity in the Pathogenesis of Autism","volume":"23","author":"Essa","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neurotox. Res."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"896","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(13)61539-1","article-title":"Autism","volume":"383","author":"Lai","year":"2014","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"American Psychiatric Association (2013). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, American Psychiatric Association.","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.books.9780890425596"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"891","DOI":"10.1007\/s00702-014-1216-0","article-title":"The Role of Glutamate and Its Receptors in Autism and the Use of Glutamate Receptor Antagonists in Treatment","volume":"121","author":"Rojas","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Neural Transm."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Montanari, M., Martella, G., Bonsi, P., and Meringolo, M. (2022). Autism Spectrum Disorder: Focus on Glutamatergic Neurotransmission. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 23.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23073861"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1038\/s41398-023-02317-5","article-title":"Excitatory\/Inhibitory Imbalance in Autism: The Role of Glutamate and GABA Gene-Sets in Symptoms and Cortical Brain Structure","volume":"13","author":"Hollestein","year":"2023","journal-title":"Transl. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1601-183X.2003.00037.x","article-title":"Model of Autism: Increased Ratio of Excitation\/Inhibition in Key Neural Systems","volume":"2","author":"Rubenstein","year":"2003","journal-title":"Genes. Brain Behav."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2380","DOI":"10.1038\/s41380-022-01506-w","article-title":"Genetics of Glutamate and Its Receptors in Autism Spectrum Disorder","volume":"27","author":"Nisar","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn.2016.183","article-title":"SHANK Proteins: Roles at the Synapse and in Autism Spectrum Disorder","volume":"18","author":"Monteiro","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"464","DOI":"10.1007\/s13311-023-01360-w","article-title":"Memantine\/Aripiprazole Combination Alleviates Cognitive Dysfunction in Valproic Acid Rat Model of Autism: Hippocampal CREB\/BDNF Signaling and Glutamate Homeostasis","volume":"20","author":"Zohny","year":"2023","journal-title":"Neurotherapeutics"},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175916","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2023.175916","article-title":"Risperidone Impedes Glutamate Excitotoxicity in a Valproic Acid Rat Model of Autism: Role of ADAR2 in AMPA GluA2 RNA Editing","volume":"955","author":"Habib","year":"2023","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Maisterrena, A., Matas, E., Mirfendereski, H., Balbous, A., Marchand, S., and Jaber, M. (2022). The State of the Dopaminergic and Glutamatergic Systems in the Valproic Acid Mouse Model of Autism Spectrum Disorder. Biomolecules, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/biom12111691"},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2617","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-023-06457-w","article-title":"Group I and Group II Metabotropic Glutamate Receptors Are Upregulated in the Synapses of Infant Rats Prenatally Exposed to Valproic Acid","volume":"240","author":"Schiavi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology"},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1223","DOI":"10.1038\/s41593-019-0445-9","article-title":"Anterior Cingulate Cortex Dysfunction Underlies Social Deficits in Shank3 Mutant Mice","volume":"22","author":"Guo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7596","DOI":"10.1038\/s41380-021-01230-x","article-title":"Restoring Glutamate Receptosome Dynamics at Synapses Rescues Autism-like Deficits in Shank3-Deficient Mice","volume":"26","author":"Moutin","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111722","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2022.111722","article-title":"Social Deficits via Dysregulated Rac1-Dependent Excitability Control of Prefrontal Cortical Neurons and Increased GABA\/Glutamate Ratios","volume":"41","author":"Ma","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cell Rep."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"689","DOI":"10.1038\/mp.2016.30","article-title":"Pharmacological Enhancement of MGlu5 Receptors Rescues Behavioral Deficits in SHANK3 Knock-out Mice","volume":"22","author":"Vicidomini","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1016\/j.isci.2019.06.014","article-title":"Chemogenetic Activation of Prefrontal Cortex in Shank3-Deficient Mice Ameliorates Social Deficits, NMDAR Hypofunction, and Sgk2 Downregulation","volume":"17","author":"Qin","year":"2019","journal-title":"iScience"},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1080\/14728214.2024.2313650","article-title":"Emerging Drugs for the Treatment of Irritability Associated with Autism Spectrum Disorder","volume":"29","author":"Shamabadi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Expert Opin. Emerg. Drugs"},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1615","DOI":"10.1517\/14656566.2012.674110","article-title":"Pharmacotherapy to Control Behavioral Symptoms in Children with Autism","volume":"13","author":"Doyle","year":"2012","journal-title":"Expert Opin. Pharmacother."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1392","DOI":"10.1007\/s10803-020-04542-z","article-title":"Brief Report: Intranasal Ketamine in Adolescents and Young Adults with Autism Spectrum Disorder\u2014Initial Results of a Randomized, Controlled, Crossover, Pilot Study","volume":"51","author":"Wink","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Autism Dev. Disord."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100138","DOI":"10.1016\/j.xhgg.2022.100138","article-title":"An Open-Label Study Evaluating the Safety, Behavioral, and Electrophysiological Outcomes of Low-Dose Ketamine in Children with ADNP Syndrome","volume":"3","author":"Kolevzon","year":"2022","journal-title":"Hum. Genet. Genom. Adv."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Annamneedi, A., Gora, C., Dudas, A., Leray, X., Bozon, V., Cr\u00e9pieux, P., and Pellissier, L.P. (2023). Towards the Convergent Therapeutic Potential of G Protein-coupled Receptors in Autism Spectrum Disorders. Br. J. Pharmacol., Early View.","DOI":"10.1111\/bph.16216"},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1237","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-013-3289-0","article-title":"The Challenges of Clinical Trials in Fragile X Syndrome","volume":"231","author":"Jacquemont","year":"2014","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology"},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1007\/s40263-022-00907-3","article-title":"The Potential of N-Acetyl-L-Cysteine (NAC) in the Treatment of Psychiatric Disorders","volume":"36","author":"Bradlow","year":"2022","journal-title":"CNS Drugs"},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.1177\/0004867420952540","article-title":"Effectiveness of N-Acetylcysteine in Autism Spectrum Disorders: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials","volume":"55","author":"Lee","year":"2021","journal-title":"Aust. N. Z. J. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"760","DOI":"10.1016\/S2215-0366(16)00104-8","article-title":"Neurobiology of Addiction: A Neurocircuitry Analysis","volume":"3","author":"Koob","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lancet Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_48","first-page":"448029","article-title":"Brain and Cognition for Addiction Medicine: From Prevention to Recovery Neural Substrates for Treatment of Psychostimulant-Induced Cognitive Deficits","volume":"10","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2014.01.006","article-title":"Psychostimulants and Brain Dysfunction: A Review of the Relevant Neurotoxic Effects","volume":"87","author":"Baptista","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neuropharmacology"},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1151\/spp05314","article-title":"The Neurobiology of Cocaine Addiction","volume":"3","author":"Nestler","year":"2005","journal-title":"Sci. Pract. Perspect."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107797","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2020.107797","article-title":"Cocaine Use Disorder: A Look at Metabotropic Glutamate Receptors and Glutamate Transporters","volume":"221","author":"Andres","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Ther."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5379","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.15-07-05379.1995","article-title":"D1 Receptors Modulate Glutamate Transmission in the Ventral Tegmental Area","volume":"15","author":"Kalivas","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1497","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1471-4159.1998.70041497.x","article-title":"Repeated Cocaine Administration Alters Extracellular Glutamate in the Ventral Tegmental Area","volume":"70","author":"Kalivas","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Neurochem."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1639","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-9568.2004.03618.x","article-title":"Cocaine Increases Medial Prefrontal Cortical Glutamate Overflow in Cocaine-sensitized Rats: A Time Course Study","volume":"20","author":"Williams","year":"2004","journal-title":"Eur. J. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-4159.2008.05593.x","article-title":"Repeated Exposure to Cocaine Alters the Modulation of Mesocorticolimbic Glutamate Transmission by Medial Prefrontal Cortex Group II Metabotropic Glutamate Receptors","volume":"107","author":"Xie","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Neurochem."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2012.09.015","article-title":"Dopamine and Glutamate Release in the Dorsolateral Caudate Putamen Following Withdrawal from Cocaine Self-Administration in Rats","volume":"103","author":"Gabriele","year":"2012","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3531","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.23-08-03531.2003","article-title":"Prefrontal Glutamate Release into the Core of the Nucleus Accumbens Mediates Cocaine-Induced Reinstatement of Drug-Seeking Behavior","volume":"23","author":"McFarland","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-007-0958-x","article-title":"Glutamate and Aspartate Levels in the Nucleus Accumbens during Cocaine Self-Administration and Extinction: A Time Course Microdialysis Study","volume":"196","author":"Torres","year":"2008","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology"},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2006.10.069","article-title":"Changes in Levels of D1, D2, or NMDA Receptors during Withdrawal from Brief or Extended Daily Access to IV Cocaine","volume":"1131","author":"Keeley","year":"2007","journal-title":"Brain Res."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2011.03.077","article-title":"Group II Metabotropic Glutamate Receptors in the Striatum of Non-Human Primates: Dysregulation Following Chronic Cocaine Self-Administration","volume":"496","author":"Beveridge","year":"2011","journal-title":"Neurosci. Lett."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shrestha, P., Katila, N., Lee, S., Seo, J.H., Jeong, J.-H., and Yook, S. (2022). Methamphetamine Induced Neurotoxic Diseases, Molecular Mechanism, and Current Treatment Strategies. Biomed. Pharmacother., 154.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2022.113591"},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1007\/s11481-008-9121-7","article-title":"The Role of Oxidative Stress, Metabolic Compromise, and Inflammation in Neuronal Injury Produced by Amphetamine-Related Drugs of Abuse","volume":"3","author":"Yamamoto","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Neuroimmune Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1908","DOI":"10.4103\/1673-5374.390971","article-title":"Brain Dysfunctions and Neurotoxicity Induced by Psychostimulants in Experimental Models and Humans: An Overview of Recent Findings","volume":"19","author":"Serra","year":"2024","journal-title":"Neural Regen. Res."},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6823","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.0013-07.2007","article-title":"Dynamic Changes in Vesicular Glutamate Transporter 1 Function and Expression Related to Methamphetamine-Induced Glutamate Release","volume":"27","author":"Mark","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"422","DOI":"10.1007\/s002100000381","article-title":"Effects of repeated systemic administration of d-Fenfluramine on serotonin and glutamate release in rat ventral hippocampus: Comparison with methamphetamine using in vivo microdialysis","volume":"363","author":"Rocher","year":"2001","journal-title":"Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.2001.tb03560.x","article-title":"Comparison of Cocaine- and Methamphetamine-Evoked Dopamine and Glutamate Overflow in Somatodendritic and Terminal Field Regions of the Rat Brain during Acute, Chronic, and Early Withdrawal Conditions","volume":"937","author":"Zhang","year":"2001","journal-title":"Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci."},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1098-2396(199710)27:2<95::AID-SYN1>3.0.CO;2-6","article-title":"Cocaine and Amphetamine Preferentially Stimulate Glutamate Release in the Limbic System: Studies on the Involvement of Dopamine","volume":"27","author":"Reid","year":"1997","journal-title":"Synapse"},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1098-2396(199905)32:2<119::AID-SYN5>3.0.CO;2-F","article-title":"Repeated Amphetamine Administration Alters AMPA Receptor Subunit Expression in Rat Nucleus Accumbens and Medial Prefrontal Cortex","volume":"32","author":"Lu","year":"1999","journal-title":"Synapse"},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2413","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2012.02.015","article-title":"Neuropeptide Y Promotes Neurogenesis and Protection against Methamphetamine-Induced Toxicity in Mouse Dentate Gyrus-Derived Neurosphere Cultures","volume":"62","author":"Baptista","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neuropharmacology"},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1267","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-4159.2005.03618.x","article-title":"Methamphetamine-induced Spectrin Proteolysis in the Rat Striatum","volume":"96","author":"Staszewski","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Neurochem."},{"key":"ref_71","first-page":"1040","article-title":"Resistance of Neuronal Nitric Oxide Synthase-Deficient Mice to Methamphetamine-Induced Dopaminergic Neurotoxicity","volume":"284","author":"Itzhak","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther."},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2358","DOI":"10.1038\/s41386-021-01139-7","article-title":"Astrocyte-Derived TNF and Glutamate Critically Modulate Microglia Activation by Methamphetamine","volume":"46","author":"Canedo","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"ref_73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1022","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2012.07.026","article-title":"MDMA Produces a Delayed and Sustained Increase in the Extracellular Concentration of Glutamate in the Rat Hippocampus","volume":"63","author":"Anneken","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neuropharmacology"},{"key":"ref_74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1007\/s11481-012-9420-x","article-title":"MDMA Increases Glutamate Release and Reduces Parvalbumin-Positive GABAergic Cells in the Dorsal Hippocampus of the Rat: Role of Cyclooxygenase","volume":"8","author":"Anneken","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Neuroimmune Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2004.06.065","article-title":"Microglial Activation Is a Pharmacologically Specific Marker for the Neurotoxic Amphetamines","volume":"367","author":"Thomas","year":"2004","journal-title":"Neurosci. Lett."},{"key":"ref_76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11158","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1547-16.2016","article-title":"Ketamine: NMDA Receptors and Beyond","volume":"36","author":"Zorumski","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jchemneu.2018.12.002","article-title":"Subchronic Ketamine Alters Behaviour, Metabolic Indices and Brain Morphology in Adolescent Rats: Involvement of Oxidative Stress, Glutamate Toxicity and Caspase-3-Mediated Apoptosis","volume":"96","author":"Onaolapo","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Chem. Neuroanat."},{"key":"ref_78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"649","DOI":"10.1007\/s12640-018-9927-x","article-title":"Long-Term Neurobehavioral Consequences of a Single Ketamine Neonatal Exposure in Rats: Effects on Cellular Viability and Glutamate Transport in Frontal Cortex and Hippocampus","volume":"34","author":"Sampaio","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neurotox. Res."},{"key":"ref_79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"548","DOI":"10.1093\/toxsci\/kfs296","article-title":"Ketamine-Induced Neuronal Damage and Altered N-Methyl-d-Aspartate Receptor Function in Rat Primary Forebrain Culture","volume":"131","author":"Liu","year":"2013","journal-title":"Toxicol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"967","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2005.01.053","article-title":"The Role of the N-Methyl-d-Aspartate Receptor in Ketamine-Induced Apoptosis in Rat Forebrain Culture","volume":"132","author":"Wang","year":"2005","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"ref_81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"l6459","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.l6459","article-title":"Does General Anesthesia Affect Neurodevelopment in Infants and Children?","volume":"367","author":"McCann","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"ref_82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.4103\/joacp.JOACP_415_19","article-title":"Ketamine-induced neurotoxicity in neurodevelopment: A synopsis of main pathways based on recent in vivo experimental findings","volume":"37","author":"Kalopita","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Anaesthesiol. Clin. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"282","DOI":"10.3389\/fncel.2020.00282","article-title":"Alcohol Use Disorder, Neurodegeneration, Alzheimer\u2019s and Parkinson\u2019s Disease: Interplay Between Oxidative Stress, Neuroimmune Response and Excitotoxicity","volume":"14","author":"Kamal","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Cell. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107628","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2019.107628","article-title":"Alcohol Impairs Hippocampal Function: From NMDA Receptor Synaptic Transmission to Mitochondrial Function","volume":"205","author":"Mira","year":"2019","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend."},{"key":"ref_85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2010.01.061","article-title":"The Effects of Alcoholism on the Human Basolateral Amygdala","volume":"167","author":"Kryger","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"ref_86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2012.10.007","article-title":"Neuroimmunophilin GPI-1046 Reduces Ethanol Consumption in Part through Activation of GLT1 in Alcohol-Preferring Rats","volume":"227","author":"Sari","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"ref_87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.5498\/wjp.v6.i1.31","article-title":"Role of Astrocytic Glutamate Transporter in Alcohol Use Disorder","volume":"6","author":"Jia","year":"2016","journal-title":"World J. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104167","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2015.00144","article-title":"Targeting Glutamate Uptake to Treat Alcohol Use Disorders","volume":"9","author":"Rao","year":"2015","journal-title":"Front. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"779","DOI":"10.1007\/s12031-013-0064-y","article-title":"Ceftriaxone Treatment Affects the Levels of GLT1 and ENT1 As Well As Ethanol Intake in Alcohol-Preferring Rats","volume":"51","author":"Sari","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Mol. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1849","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1530-0277.2008.00754.x","article-title":"Impact of Alcohol Abuse on Protein Expression of Midkine and Excitatory Amino Acid Transporter 1 in the Human Prefrontal Cortex","volume":"32","author":"Wilce","year":"2008","journal-title":"Alcohol. Clin. Exp. Res."},{"key":"ref_91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1053","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2018.01053","article-title":"Glutamate Receptor-Mediated Neurotoxicity in a Model of Ethanol Dependence and Withdrawal in Rat Organotypic Hippocampal Slice Cultures","volume":"12","author":"Gerace","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1016\/j.alcohol.2015.01.008","article-title":"Ethanol Withdrawal Is Required to Produce Persisting N-Methyl-d-Aspartate Receptor-Dependent Hippocampal Cytotoxicity during Chronic Intermittent Ethanol Exposure","volume":"49","author":"Reynolds","year":"2015","journal-title":"Alcohol"},{"key":"ref_93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3940(02)00063-0","article-title":"Calpain Activation and \u03b1-Spectrin Cleavage in Rat Brain by Ethanol","volume":"321","author":"Rajgopal","year":"2002","journal-title":"Neurosci. Lett."},{"key":"ref_94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1002\/mrdd.1037","article-title":"Glutamate Signaling and the Fetal Alcohol Syndrome","volume":"7","author":"Olney","year":"2001","journal-title":"Ment. Retard. Dev. Disabil. Res. Rev."},{"key":"ref_95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2018.05.003","article-title":"Alcohol Aggravates Ketamine-Induced Behavioral, Morphological and Neurochemical Alterations in Adolescent Rats: The Involvement of CREB-Related Pathways","volume":"349","author":"Zuo","year":"2018","journal-title":"Behav. Brain Res."},{"key":"ref_96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"749","DOI":"10.1111\/jnc.14861","article-title":"Serial Exposure to Ethanol Drinking and Methamphetamine Enhances Glutamate Excitotoxicity","volume":"151","author":"Blaker","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Neurochem."},{"key":"ref_97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"854176","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2022.854176","article-title":"A Mechanistic Overview of Approaches for the Treatment of Psychostimulant Dependence","volume":"13","author":"Jensen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"482","DOI":"10.2174\/187152708786927868","article-title":"Glutamate: The New Frontier in Pharmacotherapy for Cocaine Addiction","volume":"7","author":"Uys","year":"2008","journal-title":"CNS Neurol. Disord. Drug Targets"},{"key":"ref_99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.2009.05144.x","article-title":"Cocaine-induced Neuroadaptations in Glutamate Transmission","volume":"1187","author":"Schmidt","year":"2010","journal-title":"Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci."},{"key":"ref_100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"895006","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2022.895006","article-title":"Memantine Attenuates Cocaine and NeuroHIV Neurotoxicity in the Medial Prefrontal Cortex","volume":"13","author":"Du","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1530-0277.2010.01351.x","article-title":"Administration of Memantine During Ethanol Withdrawal in Neonatal Rats: Effects on Long-Term Ethanol-Induced Motor Incoordination and Cerebellar Purkinje Cell Loss","volume":"35","author":"Idrus","year":"2011","journal-title":"Alcohol. Clin. Exp. Res."},{"key":"ref_102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.1111\/acer.12259","article-title":"Administration of Memantine During Withdrawal Mitigates Overactivity and Spatial Learning Impairments Associated with Neonatal Alcohol Exposure in Rats","volume":"38","author":"Idrus","year":"2014","journal-title":"Alcohol. Clin. Exp. Res."},{"key":"ref_103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"444","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ntt.2011.04.004","article-title":"The Effects of a Single Memantine Treatment on Behavioral Alterations Associated with Binge Alcohol Exposure in Neonatal Rats","volume":"33","author":"Idrus","year":"2011","journal-title":"Neurotoxicol. Teratol."},{"key":"ref_104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1016\/j.alcohol.2009.12.002","article-title":"MK-801 Administration during Neonatal Ethanol Withdrawal Attenuates Interpositus Cell Loss and Juvenile Eyeblink Conditioning Deficits","volume":"44","author":"Young","year":"2010","journal-title":"Alcohol"},{"key":"ref_105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Montemitro, C., Angebrandt, A., Wang, T.-Y., Pettorruso, M., and Abulseoud, O.A. (2021). Mechanistic Insights into the Efficacy of Memantine in Treating Certain Drug Addictions. Prog. Neuropsychopharmacol. Biol. Psychiatry, 111.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2021.110409"},{"key":"ref_106","first-page":"414","article-title":"Molecular Mechanisms and Treatment Strategies for Methamphetamine-induced Neurodegeneration, Inflammation and Neurotoxicity","volume":"83","author":"Omidvari","year":"2023","journal-title":"Acta Neurobiol. Exp."},{"key":"ref_107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2035","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.2008.02355.x","article-title":"Comparing Topiramate with Naltrexone in the Treatment of Alcohol Dependence","volume":"103","author":"Baltieri","year":"2008","journal-title":"Addiction"},{"key":"ref_108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2004.03.008","article-title":"A Pilot Trial of Topiramate for the Treatment of Cocaine Dependence","volume":"75","author":"Kampman","year":"2004","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend."},{"key":"ref_109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107360","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2022.107360","article-title":"Cannabidiol in the Context of Substance Use Disorder Treatment: A Systematic Review","volume":"132","author":"Paulus","year":"2022","journal-title":"Addict. Behav."},{"key":"ref_110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"626010","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2021.626010","article-title":"Role of Cannabidiol in the Therapeutic Intervention for Substance Use Disorders","volume":"12","author":"Navarrete","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pneurobio.2019.01.006","article-title":"Sex Differences in Depression: Insights from Clinical and Preclinical Studies","volume":"176","author":"Eid","year":"2019","journal-title":"Prog. Neurobiol."},{"key":"ref_112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1080\/14737175.2016.1220834","article-title":"Psilocybin for Treating Substance Use Disorders?","volume":"17","author":"Schellekens","year":"2017","journal-title":"Expert. Rev. Neurother."},{"key":"ref_113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"891","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1659-20.2020","article-title":"Hallucinogens in Mental Health: Preclinical and Clinical Studies on LSD, Psilocybin, MDMA, and Ketamine","volume":"41","author":"Preller","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.mp.4001751","article-title":"First in Vivo Evidence of an NMDA Receptor Deficit in Medication-Free Schizophrenic Patients","volume":"11","author":"Pilowsky","year":"2006","journal-title":"Mol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"664","DOI":"10.1038\/mp.2011.171","article-title":"Ketamine Effects on Brain GABA and Glutamate Levels with 1H-MRS: Relationship to Ketamine-Induced Psychopathology","volume":"17","author":"Stone","year":"2012","journal-title":"Mol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1038\/npp.2011.181","article-title":"From Revolution to Evolution: The Glutamate Hypothesis of Schizophrenia and Its Implication for Treatment","volume":"37","author":"Moghaddam","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"ref_117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1147","DOI":"10.1038\/tp.2017.124","article-title":"Neuroimaging Studies of GABA in Schizophrenia: A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis","volume":"7","author":"Egerton","year":"2017","journal-title":"Transl. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1591","DOI":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2014.07.015","article-title":"Glutamate-Mediated Excitotoxicity in Schizophrenia: A Review","volume":"24","author":"Plitman","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eur. Neuropsychopharmacol."},{"key":"ref_119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1574","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2011.01.022","article-title":"GABAergic Interneuron Origin of Schizophrenia Pathophysiology","volume":"62","author":"Nakazawa","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neuropharmacology"},{"key":"ref_120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.mp.4000912","article-title":"Receptor Mechanisms and Circuitry Underlying NMDA Antagonist Neurotoxicity","volume":"7","author":"Farber","year":"2002","journal-title":"Mol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1358\/mf.2007.29.4.1075358","article-title":"Phencyclidine and Genetic Animal Models of Schizophrenia Developed in Relation to the Glutamate Hypothesis","volume":"29","author":"Enomoto","year":"2007","journal-title":"Methods Find. Exp. Clin. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1360","DOI":"10.1126\/science.2660263","article-title":"Pathological Changes Induced in Cerebrocortical Neurons by Phencyclidine and Related Drugs","volume":"244","author":"Olney","year":"1989","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-8993(96)01347-9","article-title":"Multifocal Brain Damage Induced by Phencyclidine Is Augmented by Pilocarpine","volume":"752","author":"Corso","year":"1997","journal-title":"Brain Res."},{"key":"ref_124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1006\/exnr.1993.1153","article-title":"Neuronal Vacuolization and Necrosis Induced by the Noncompetitive N-Methyl-d-Aspartate (NMDA) Antagonist MK(+)801 (Dizocilpine Maleate): A Light and Electron Microscopic Evaluation of the Rat Retrosplenial Cortex","volume":"123","author":"Fix","year":"1993","journal-title":"Exp. Neurol."},{"key":"ref_125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1079","DOI":"10.1016\/0306-4522(94)90345-X","article-title":"Phencyclidine Induction of the Hsp70 Stress Gene in Injured Pyramidal Neurons Is Mediated via Multiple Receptors and Voltage Gated Calcium Channels","volume":"62","author":"Sharp","year":"1994","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"ref_126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2013.02.011","article-title":"Imaging Patients with Psychosis and a Mouse Model Establishes a Spreading Pattern of Hippocampal Dysfunction and Implicates Glutamate as a Driver","volume":"78","author":"Schobel","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"ref_127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Colibazzi, T., Wexler, B.E., Bansal, R., Hao, X., Liu, J., Sanchez-Pe\u00f1a, J., Corcoran, C., Lieberman, J.A., and Peterson, B.S. (2013). Anatomical Abnormalities in Gray and White Matter of the Cortical Surface in Persons with Schizophrenia. PLoS ONE, 8.","DOI":"10.1371\/annotation\/52ec57b7-e60d-40a8-b4fb-9bce5f9f9b40"},{"key":"ref_128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2020.02.032","article-title":"Glutamatergic Neurometabolites and Cortical Thickness in Treatment-Resistant Schizophrenia: Implications for Glutamate-Mediated Excitotoxicity","volume":"124","author":"Shah","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Psychiatr. Res."},{"key":"ref_129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1016\/S2215-0366(19)30290-1","article-title":"Autoimmune Psychosis: An International Consensus on an Approach to the Diagnosis and Management of Psychosis of Suspected Autoimmune Origin","volume":"7","author":"Pollak","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2006.10.010","article-title":"A CSF and Postmortem Brain Study of D-Serine Metabolic Parameters in Schizophrenia","volume":"90","author":"Bendikov","year":"2007","journal-title":"Schizophr. Res."},{"key":"ref_131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1143","DOI":"10.1007\/s40263-022-00959-5","article-title":"Targeting D-Amino Acid Oxidase (DAAO) for the Treatment of Schizophrenia: Rationale and Current Status of Research","volume":"36","author":"Kuo","year":"2022","journal-title":"CNS Drugs"},{"key":"ref_132","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Uliana, D.L., Lisboa, J.R.F., Gomes, F.V., and Grace, A.A. (Biochem. Pharmacol., 2024). The Excitatory-Inhibitory Balance as a Target for the Development of Novel Drugs to Treat Schizophrenia, Biochem. Pharmacol., in press.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2024.116298"},{"key":"ref_133","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3027","DOI":"10.1007\/s11064-023-03956-2","article-title":"Luvadaxistat: A Novel Potent and Selective d-Amino Acid Oxidase Inhibitor Improves Cognitive and Social Deficits in Rodent Models for Schizophrenia","volume":"48","author":"Fradley","year":"2023","journal-title":"Neurochem. Res."},{"key":"ref_134","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"422","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2017.12.006","article-title":"Sodium Benzoate, a D-Amino Acid Oxidase Inhibitor, Added to Clozapine for the Treatment of Schizophrenia: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial","volume":"84","author":"Lin","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"561","DOI":"10.1093\/toxres\/tfab024","article-title":"The Potential Toxicity of Food-Added Sodium Benzoate in Mice Is Concentration-Dependent","volume":"10","author":"Olofinnade","year":"2021","journal-title":"Toxicol. Res."},{"key":"ref_136","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1345","DOI":"10.1080\/01480545.2020.1825472","article-title":"Toxicological Impact of Sodium Benzoate on Inflammatory Cytokines, Oxidative Stress and Biochemical Markers in Male Wistar Rats","volume":"45","author":"Khan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Drug Chem. Toxicol."},{"key":"ref_137","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.1080\/17425255.2021.1885648","article-title":"Sarcosine as an Add-on Treatment to Antipsychotic Medication for People with Schizophrenia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials","volume":"17","author":"Marchi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Expert. Opin. Drug Metab. Toxicol."},{"key":"ref_138","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"495","DOI":"10.1177\/0269881120908016","article-title":"Efficacy and Cognitive Effect of Sarcosine (N-Methylglycine) in Patients with Schizophrenia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Double-Blind Randomised Controlled Trials","volume":"34","author":"Chang","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Psychopharmacol."},{"key":"ref_139","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e300771","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjment-2023-300771","article-title":"Adjunctive Agents to Antipsychotics in Schizophrenia: A Systematic Umbrella Review and Recommendations for Amino Acids, Hormonal Therapies and Anti-Inflammatory Drugs","volume":"26","author":"Fond","year":"2023","journal-title":"BMJ Ment. Health"},{"key":"ref_140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1016\/S2215-0366(20)30513-7","article-title":"Efficacy and Safety of the Novel Glycine Transporter Inhibitor BI 425809 Once Daily in Patients with Schizophrenia: A Double-Blind, Randomised, Placebo-Controlled Phase 2 Study","volume":"8","author":"Fleischhacker","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_141","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1124\/jpet.121.001071","article-title":"Effects of the Glycine Transporter-1 Inhibitor Iclepertin (BI 425809) on Sensory Processing, Neural Network Function, and Cognition in Animal Models Related to Schizophrenia","volume":"382","author":"Rosenbrock","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther."},{"key":"ref_142","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Newell, K.A., and Matosin, N. (2014). Rethinking Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor 5 Pathological Findings in Psychiatric Disorders: Implications for the Future of Novel Therapeutics. BMC Psychiatry, 14.","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-244X-14-23"},{"key":"ref_143","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"750","DOI":"10.1038\/s41380-018-0234-y","article-title":"MGluR5 Hypofunction Is Integral to Glutamatergic Dysregulation in Schizophrenia","volume":"25","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_144","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e271","DOI":"10.1038\/tp.2013.46","article-title":"MRNA and Protein Expression for Novel GABAA Receptors \u03b8 and \u03a12 Are Altered in Schizophrenia and Mood Disorders; Relevance to FMRP-MGluR5 Signaling Pathway","volume":"3","author":"Fatemi","year":"2013","journal-title":"Transl. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"256","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2012.12.005","article-title":"Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor 5 in the Pathology and Treatment of Schizophrenia","volume":"37","author":"Matosin","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev."},{"key":"ref_146","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1029","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2015.03.063","article-title":"Biased mGlu5-Positive Allosteric Modulators Provide In Vivo Efficacy without Potentiating mGlu5 Modulation of NMDAR Currents","volume":"86","author":"Rook","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"ref_147","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"754","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2015.03.016","article-title":"Exploratory Analysis for a Targeted Patient Population Responsive to the Metabotropic Glutamate 2\/3 Receptor Agonist Pomaglumetad Methionil in Schizophrenia","volume":"78","author":"Kinon","year":"2015","journal-title":"Biol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_148","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1789","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(18)32279-7","article-title":"Global, Regional, and National Incidence, Prevalence, and Years Lived with Disability for 354 Diseases and Injuries for 195 Countries and Territories, 1990\u20132017: A Systematic Analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017","volume":"392","author":"James","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_149","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2019.03.013","article-title":"Altered Connectivity in Depression: GABA and Glutamate Neurotransmitter Deficits and Reversal by Novel Treatments","volume":"102","author":"Duman","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"ref_150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"886","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2016.05.005","article-title":"Glutamate and Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid Systems in the Pathophysiology of Major Depression and Antidepressant Response to Ketamine","volume":"81","author":"Lener","year":"2017","journal-title":"Biol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_151","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-pharmtox-010818-021701","article-title":"The Neurobiology and Pharmacotherapy of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder","volume":"59","author":"Abdallah","year":"2019","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Pharmacol. Toxicol."},{"key":"ref_152","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1038\/npp.2015.171","article-title":"Stress Effects on Neuronal Structure: Hippocampus, Amygdala, and Prefrontal Cortex","volume":"41","author":"McEwen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"ref_153","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1739","DOI":"10.1038\/npp.2017.49","article-title":"The Nucleus Accumbens and Ketamine Treatment in Major Depressive Disorder","volume":"42","author":"Abdallah","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"ref_154","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1038\/s41583-021-00540-x","article-title":"The Stressed Synapse 2.0: Pathophysiological Mechanisms in Stress-Related Neuropsychiatric Disorders","volume":"23","author":"Sanacora","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"358334","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2018.00758","article-title":"What Acute Stress Protocols Can Tell Us About PTSD and Stress-Related Neuropsychiatric Disorders","volume":"9","author":"Musazzi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_156","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2018.05.010","article-title":"The Neurobiology of Depression, Ketamine and Rapid-Acting Antidepressants: Is It Glutamate Inhibition or Activation?","volume":"190","author":"Abdallah","year":"2018","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Ther."},{"key":"ref_157","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125121","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2015.00060","article-title":"Functional and Structural Remodeling of Glutamate Synapses in Prefrontal and Frontal Cortex Induced by Behavioral Stress","volume":"6","author":"Musazzi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Front. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_158","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"525","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tins.2017.07.002","article-title":"Acute or Chronic? A Stressful Question","volume":"40","author":"Musazzi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Trends Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_159","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mingardi, J., Ndoj, E., Bonifacino, T., Misztak, P., Bertoli, M., La Via, L., Torazza, C., Russo, I., Milanese, M., and Bonanno, G. (2023). Functional and Molecular Changes in the Prefrontal Cortex of the Chronic Mild Stress Rat Model of Depression and Modulation by Acute Ketamine. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 24.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms241310814"},{"key":"ref_160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tornese, P., Sala, N., Bonini, D., Bonifacino, T., La Via, L., Milanese, M., Treccani, G., Seguini, M., Ieraci, A., and Mingardi, J. (2019). Chronic Mild Stress Induces Anhedonic Behavior and Changes in Glutamate Release, BDNF Trafficking and Dendrite Morphology Only in Stress Vulnerable Rats. The Rapid Restorative Action of Ketamine. Neurobiol. Stress, 10.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ynstr.2019.100160"},{"key":"ref_161","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Derosa, S., Misztak, P., Mingardi, J., Mazzini, G., M\u00fcller, H.K., and Musazzi, L. (2024). Changes in Neurotrophic Signaling Pathways in Brain Areas of the Chronic Mild Stress Rat Model of Depression as a Signature of Ketamine Fast Antidepressant Response\/Non-Response. Prog. Neuropsychopharmacol. Biol. Psychiatry, 128.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2023.110871"},{"key":"ref_162","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn2651","article-title":"Stress, Memory and the Amygdala","volume":"10","author":"Roozendaal","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_163","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"847","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2020.12.026","article-title":"Amygdala Circuit Substrates for Stress Adaptation and Adversity","volume":"89","author":"Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_164","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119959","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2021.119959","article-title":"Early Life Stress Induces Anxiety-like Behavior during Adulthood through Dysregulation of Neuronal Plasticity in the Basolateral Amygdala","volume":"285","author":"Qin","year":"2021","journal-title":"Life Sci."},{"key":"ref_165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"950000","DOI":"10.3389\/fnbeh.2022.950000","article-title":"Sex- and Age-Dependent Effects of Chronic Corticosterone Exposure on Depressive-like, Anxiety-like, and Fear-Related Behavior: Role of Amygdala Glutamate Receptors in the Rat","volume":"16","author":"Bertholomey","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Behav. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_166","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1017\/S1092852913000540","article-title":"Serotonergic Modulation of Glutamate Neurotransmission as a Strategy for Treating Depression and Cognitive Dysfunction","volume":"19","author":"Pehrson","year":"2014","journal-title":"CNS Spectr."},{"key":"ref_167","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1180","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2012.11.009","article-title":"The Action of Antidepressants on the Glutamate System: Regulation of Glutamate Release and Glutamate Receptors","volume":"73","author":"Musazzi","year":"2013","journal-title":"Biol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_168","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S29","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.mp.4001016","article-title":"Synaptic Plasticity and Mood Disorders","volume":"7","author":"Duman","year":"2002","journal-title":"Mol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_169","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"894","DOI":"10.1038\/nature07455","article-title":"The Molecular Neurobiology of Depression","volume":"455","author":"Krishnan","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1016\/S2215-0366(17)30015-9","article-title":"How Do Antidepressants Work? New Perspectives for Refining Future Treatment Approaches","volume":"4","author":"Harmer","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_171","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1093\/ijnp\/pyy094","article-title":"Glutamatergic Neurotransmission: Pathway to Developing Novel Rapid-Acting Antidepressant Treatments","volume":"22","author":"Kadriu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Neuropsychopharmacol."},{"key":"ref_172","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1563","DOI":"10.2174\/138161209788168001","article-title":"Monoaminergic Neurotransmission: The History of the Discovery of Antidepressants from 1950s Until Today","volume":"15","author":"Alamo","year":"2009","journal-title":"Curr. Pharm. Des."},{"key":"ref_173","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1038\/s41386-023-01629-w","article-title":"Ketamine and Rapid Antidepressant Action: New Treatments and Novel Synaptic Signaling Mechanisms","volume":"49","author":"Krystal","year":"2024","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"ref_174","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"801","DOI":"10.1038\/mp.2017.255","article-title":"Mechanisms of Ketamine Action as an Antidepressant","volume":"23","author":"Zanos","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2305772120","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2305772120","article-title":"Ketamine and the Neurobiology of Depression: Toward next-Generation Rapid-Acting Antidepressant Treatments","volume":"120","author":"Krystal","year":"2023","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_176","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMp1903305","article-title":"Esketamine for Treatment-Resistant Depression\u2014First FDA-Approved Antidepressant in a New Class","volume":"381","author":"Kim","year":"2019","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_177","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1038\/s41386-023-01632-1","article-title":"Ketamine in Neuropsychiatric Disorders: An Update","volume":"49","author":"Johnston","year":"2024","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"ref_178","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Feder, A., Rutter, S.B., Schiller, D., and Charney, D.S. (2020). The Emergence of Ketamine as a Novel Treatment for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder. Advances in Pharmacology, Elsevier.","DOI":"10.1016\/bs.apha.2020.05.004"},{"key":"ref_179","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1017\/S1092852921000791","article-title":"Novel Antidepressant Drugs: Beyond Monoamine Targets","volume":"28","author":"Gonda","year":"2023","journal-title":"CNS Spectr."},{"key":"ref_180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108431","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2023.108431","article-title":"The Antidepressant Actions of Ketamine and Its Enantiomers","volume":"246","author":"Johnston","year":"2023","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Ther."},{"key":"ref_181","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1146","DOI":"10.1111\/bph.15753","article-title":"Novel Drug Developmental Strategies for Treatment-resistant Depression","volume":"179","author":"Simon","year":"2022","journal-title":"Br. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_182","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116715","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2020.116715","article-title":"A Review of Emerging Therapeutic Potential of Psychedelic Drugs in the Treatment of Psychiatric Illnesses","volume":"411","author":"Chi","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Neurol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_183","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.1124\/pharmrev.120.000056","article-title":"Psychedelics in Psychiatry: Neuroplastic, Immunomodulatory, and Neurotransmitter Mechanisms","volume":"73","author":"Inserra","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Rev."},{"key":"ref_184","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1240295","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2023.1240295","article-title":"Bedside to Bench: The Outlook for Psychedelic Research","volume":"14","author":"Acero","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"889","DOI":"10.1080\/17512433.2018.1511424","article-title":"Efficacy, Tolerability, and Safety of Serotonergic Psychedelics for the Management of Mood, Anxiety, and Substance-Use Disorders: A Systematic Review of Systematic Reviews","volume":"11","author":"Bouso","year":"2018","journal-title":"Expert. Rev. Clin. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_186","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"929","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tips.2021.08.003","article-title":"Neuroplasticity as a Convergent Mechanism of Ketamine and Classical Psychedelics","volume":"42","author":"Aleksandrova","year":"2021","journal-title":"Trends Pharmacol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_187","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tins.2020.11.008","article-title":"A Dendrite-Focused Framework for Understanding the Actions of Ketamine and Psychedelics","volume":"44","author":"Savalia","year":"2021","journal-title":"Trends Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_188","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1407","DOI":"10.1038\/s41593-022-01177-4","article-title":"The Neural Basis of Psychedelic Action","volume":"25","author":"Kwan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_189","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2015.01.022","article-title":"Spine Synapse Remodeling in the Pathophysiology and Treatment of Depression","volume":"601","author":"Duman","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neurosci. Lett."},{"key":"ref_190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"561","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn2515","article-title":"The Glutamate Homeostasis Hypothesis of Addiction","volume":"10","author":"Kalivas","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_191","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bauminger, H., and Gaisler-Salomon, I. (2022). Beyond NMDA Receptors: Homeostasis at the Glutamate Tripartite Synapse and Its Contributions to Cognitive Dysfunction in Schizophrenia. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 23.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23158617"},{"key":"ref_192","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"637863","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2021.637863","article-title":"Glutamate and GABA Homeostasis and Neurometabolism in Major Depressive Disorder","volume":"12","author":"Sarawagi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_193","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31858","DOI":"10.3402\/ejpt.v7.31858","article-title":"PTSD: From Neurobiology to Pharmacological Treatments","volume":"7","author":"Kelmendi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur. J. Psychotraumatol."},{"key":"ref_194","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1030","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2021.03.014","article-title":"Ketamine for a Boost of Neural Plasticity: How, but Also When?","volume":"89","author":"Wu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e628","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.15f10026","article-title":"Intranasal Drug Delivery in Neuropsychiatry: Focus on Intranasal Ketamine for Refractory Depression","volume":"76","author":"Andrade","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Clin. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_196","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pilc, A., and Chaki, S. (2023). Role of MGlu Receptors in Psychiatric Disorders\u2014Recent Advances. Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav., 232.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2023.173639"},{"key":"ref_197","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1080\/17460441.2020.1822814","article-title":"Targeting Metabotropic Glutamate Receptors for Rapid-Acting Antidepressant Drug Discovery","volume":"16","author":"Musazzi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Expert. Opin. Drug Discov."},{"key":"ref_198","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuro.2015.08.007","article-title":"Cannabidiol, a Cannabis Sativa Constituent, Inhibits Cocaine-Induced Seizures in Mice: Possible Role of the MTOR Pathway and Reduction in Glutamate Release","volume":"50","author":"Gobira","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neurotoxicology"},{"key":"ref_199","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1038\/s41398-021-01327-5","article-title":"Acute Cognitive Effects of Single-Dose Intravenous Ketamine in Major Depressive and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder","volume":"11","author":"Davis","year":"2021","journal-title":"Transl. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"994","DOI":"10.1177\/0269881112439253","article-title":"Lysergic Acid Diethylamide (LSD) for Alcoholism: Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials","volume":"26","author":"Krebs","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Psychopharmacol."},{"key":"ref_201","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1177\/0269881112456611","article-title":"Durability of Improvement in Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Symptoms and Absence of Harmful Effects or Drug Dependency after 3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine-Assisted Psychotherapy: A Prospective Long-Term Follow-up Study","volume":"27","author":"Mithoefer","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Psychopharmacol."}],"container-title":["International Journal of Molecular Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1422-0067\/25\/12\/6521\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T14:57:56Z","timestamp":1760108276000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1422-0067\/25\/12\/6521"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,13]]},"references-count":201,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,6]]}},"alternative-id":["ijms25126521"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms25126521","relation":{},"ISSN":["1422-0067"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1422-0067","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,13]]}}}