{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T03:57:55Z","timestamp":1790913475388,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":162,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,17]],"date-time":"2024-06-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1718582400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Korean Cell-Based Artificial Blood Project","award":["HX23C1692"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HX23C1692"]}]},{"name":"Korean Cell-Based Artificial Blood Project","award":["2022R1A5A2027161"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022R1A5A2027161"]}]},{"name":"Korean Cell-Based Artificial Blood Project","award":["RS-2023-00223764"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RS-2023-00223764"]}]},{"name":"Korean Cell-Based Artificial Blood Project","award":["RS-2024-00333287"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RS-2024-00333287"]}]},{"name":"Basic Science Research Program","award":["HX23C1692"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HX23C1692"]}]},{"name":"Basic Science Research Program","award":["2022R1A5A2027161"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022R1A5A2027161"]}]},{"name":"Basic Science Research Program","award":["RS-2023-00223764"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RS-2023-00223764"]}]},{"name":"Basic Science Research Program","award":["RS-2024-00333287"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RS-2024-00333287"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The association between leukemic stem cells (LSCs) and leukemia development has been widely established in the context of genetic alterations, epigenetic pathways, and signaling pathway regulation. Hematopoietic stem cells are at the top of the bone marrow hierarchy and can self-renew and progressively generate blood and immune cells. The microenvironment, niche cells, and complex signaling pathways that regulate them acquire genetic mutations and epigenetic alterations due to aging, a chronic inflammatory environment, stress, and cancer, resulting in hematopoietic stem cell dysregulation and the production of abnormal blood and immune cells, leading to hematological malignancies and blood cancer. Cells that acquire these mutations grow at a faster rate than other cells and induce clone expansion. Excessive growth leads to the development of blood cancers. Standard therapy targets blast cells, which proliferate rapidly; however, LSCs that can induce disease recurrence remain after treatment, leading to recurrence and poor prognosis. To overcome these limitations, researchers have focused on the characteristics and signaling systems of LSCs and therapies that target them to block LSCs. This review aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the types of hematopoietic malignancies, the characteristics of leukemic stem cells that cause them, the mechanisms by which these cells acquire chemotherapy resistance, and the therapies targeting these mechanisms.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25126639","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,17]],"date-time":"2024-06-17T11:14:16Z","timestamp":1718622856000},"page":"6639","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Leukemic Stem Cells and Hematological Malignancies"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"25","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7667-1041","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hee-Seon","family":"Choi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Convergence Medicine, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6693-0003","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Byoung Soo","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biomedical Convergence Engineering, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6449-0761","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sik","family":"Yoon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sae-Ock","family":"Oh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6828-401X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dongjun","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Convergence Medicine, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Transplantation Research Center, Research Institute for Convergence of Biomedical Science and Technology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"639","DOI":"10.1016\/j.stem.2018.04.015","article-title":"Blood development: Hematopoietic stem cell dependence and independence","volume":"22","author":"Dzierzak","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cell Stem Cell"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"541","DOI":"10.1038\/s41576-020-0241-0","article-title":"Haematopoietic stem cell self-renewal in vivo and ex vivo","volume":"21","author":"Wilkinson","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. 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